ArticleSleep2007
Chronic insomnia as a risk factor for developing anxiety and depression.
Article in Sleep, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 258 papers, 6 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
258 citing papers in PubMed, 6 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 661 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sleep disorders and associated factors among medical students in the Middle East and North Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2024Pooled it
- Commercial Chinese polyherbal preparation Zao Ren An Shen prescription for primary insomnia: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Pooled it
- Effects of Oral Gamma-Aminobutyric Acid (GABA) Administration on Stress and Sleep in Humans: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2020Pooled it
- Antidepressants for insomnia in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Insomnia and the risk of depression: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.BMC psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Examining fronto-limbic brain and sleep mechanisms of antidepressant effects in cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Trial
- Improving Sleep with Far-Infrared-Emitting Pajamas: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Trial
- A Web- and Mobile App-Based Mental Health Promotion Intervention Comparing Email, Short Message Service, and Videoconferencing Support for a Healthy Cohort: Randomized Comparative Study.Journal of medical Internet research · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Feasibility and preliminary efficacy of the 'HEYMAN' healthy lifestyle program for young men: a pilot randomised controlled trial.Nutrition journal · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Mental Health Challenges and Their Association With Financial Priority and Nutrition Among University Students in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2026Article
- Sleep-Related Attentional Bias in Insomnia: A Drift Diffusion Model Approach.Journal of sleep research · 2026Article
- Managing BMI and Emotional Distress Using mHealth: Nationally Representative Survey Study.JMIR mHealth and uHealth · 2026Article
- Culturally adapted digital cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia in South Korea - a double-blind randomized controlled trial.Internet interventions · 2026Article
- Article
- Temporal Dynamics of Sleep During Bright-Light Therapy for Depression and Their Relation to Symptom Improvement.Clocks & sleep · 2026Article
- Prediction of depressive episodes based on clinical features, cognitive characteristics, inflammation-related proteins, and EEG data.Translational psychiatry · 2026Article
- Illuminating Insomnia: A Scientometric Exploration of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Treatment Research.Journal of lifestyle medicine · 2026Review
198 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
STUDY
objectiveTo study prospectively the relations of insomnia to the development of anxiety disorders and depression in a population-based sample.
designCohort study based on data from 2 general health surveys of the adult population.
settingTwo general health surveys in the adult population in Nord-Trøndelag County of Norway, HUNT-1 performed in 1984-6 and HUNT-2 in 1995-7
participantsParticipants without significant anxiety and depression in HUNT-1 were categorized according to the presence and absence of insomnia in the 2 surveys (N=25,130). MEASUREMENTS AND
resultsAnxiety disorders and depression in HUNT-2 were assessed by the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale and analyzed using multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for age, gender, education, comorbid depression/anxiety, and history of insomnia. Anxiety disorders in HUNT-2 were significantly associated with the group with insomnia in HUNT-1 only (OR 1.6; 95% CI, 1.1-2.3), the group with insomnia in HUNT-2 only (OR 3.4; 95% CI, 3.1-3.8), as well as with the group with insomnia in both surveys (OR 4.9; 95% CI, 3.8-6.4). Depression in HUNT-2 was significantly associated with the group with insomnia in HUNT-2 only (OR 1.8; 95% CI, 1.6-2.0), but not with the groups with insomnia in HUNT-1 only or with insomnia in both surveys.
conclusionsOnly a state-like association between insomnia and depression was found. In addition to being a state marker, insomnia may be a trait marker for individuals at risk for developing anxiety disorders. Results are consistent with insomnia being a risk factor for the development of anxiety disorders.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.