Trial reportJournal of anesthesia2007
Emulsion of flurbiprofen axetil reduces propofol injection pain due to a decrease in free propofol concentration.
Trial report in Journal of anesthesia, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed, 16 citations in OpenAlex.
- Efficacy and safety of esketamine combined with propofol for conscious sedation in painless colonoscopy: a prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial.BMC anesthesiology · 2024Trial
- Preoperative Anxiety's Impact on the Median Effective Dose of Esketamine for Alleviating Propofol Injection Pain in Patients Undergoing Painless abortion: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2024Trial
- [Effect of pre-administered flurbiprofen axetil on the EC50 of propofol during anesthesia in unstimulated patients: a randomized clinical trial].Brazilian journal of anesthesiology (Elsevier)Trial
- Administration of lipid emulsion reduced the hypnotic potency of propofol more than that of thiamylal in mice.Experimental animals · 2023Article
- Application of Benford's law: a valuable tool for detecting scientific papers with fabricated data? : A case study using proven falsified articles against a comparison group.Der Anaesthesist · 2017Review
- Emulsifiers' composition modulates venous irritation of the nanoemulsions as a lipophilic and venous irritant drug delivery system.AAPS PharmSciTech · 2009Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeFlurbiprofen axetil emulsion (FA), a prodrug of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) that is widely used for perioperative pain relief in Japan, has been effective for reducing propofol injection pain, but the mechanism is unclear. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the reduction of propofol injection pain by FA may be attributed to a decrease in free propofol concentration.
methodsDiprivan (propofol emulsion; Dipri; AstraZeneca, Cheshire, UK) and Propofol-Lipuro (Lipuro; B. Braun, Melsungen, Germany) were used. A randomized double-blind study was performed to compare pain on injection with six kinds of propofol solution: plain Dipri, a 3 : 1 (v/v) mixture of Dipri and saline (Dipri-S), a 3 : 1 mixture of Dipri and FA (Dipri-FA), plain Lipuro, a 3 : 1 mixture of Lipuro and saline (Lipuro-S), and a 3 : 1 mixture of Lipuro and FA (Lipuro-FA). Three hundred patients (American Society of Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status [PS] I-II) scheduled for elective surgery received one of these six propofol emulsions (n = 50, each group). Injection pain was evaluated every 10 s after the start of a 1-min infusion of up to 2 mg x kg(-1) propofol. We also measured the in vitro free propofol concentrations of the propofol preparations that we tested (n = 5, each).
resultsThe mixture of FA with propofol decreased the incidence of injection pain, compared with plain propofol, for Lipuro (P < 0.01) but not for Dipri. The free propofol concentration in each emulsion in vitro was also decreased by mixing the propofol with saline or FA. The incidence of pain was reduced in a free-propofol concentration-dependent manner (R(2) = 0.926).
conclusionThe findings suggest that the reduction of propofol injection pain by FA may be explained, at least in part, by a reduction in the free propofol concentration.
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