ArticleNucleic acids research2007
Haemophilus influenzae phasevarions have evolved from type III DNA restriction systems into epigenetic regulators of gene expression.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 79 citations in OpenAlex.
- Type I restriction-modification systems regulate gene expression through DNA topology.Nucleic acids research · 2026Article
- Epigenetic regulation in prokaryotes: transcriptional and phenotypic outcomes of DNA methyltransferase activity.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2026Review
- Complete m6A and m4C methylomes for group B streptococcal clinical isolates CJB111, A909, COH1, and NEM316.Microbiology resource announcements · 2024Article
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- Adherence of Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae to Cells and Substrates of the Airway Is Differentially Regulated by Individual ModA Phasevarions.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Article
- Uncovering the link between theFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2023Article
- Bacterial DNA methyltransferase: A key to the epigenetic world with lessons learned from proteobacteria.Frontiers in microbiology · 2023Review
- Epigenetic-Mediated Antimicrobial Resistance: Host versus Pathogen Epigenetic Alterations.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Gene Expression Regulation in Airway Pathogens: Importance for Otitis Media.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- DNA Methylation in Prokaryotes.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Antibiotic Resistance and Epigenetics: More to It than Meets the Eye.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Review
- Moraxella catarrhalis phase-variable loci show differences in expression during conditions relevant to disease.PloS one · 2020Article
- The bacterial epigenome.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2020Review
- Non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae isolates from patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease contain new phase-variable modA methyltransferase alleles controlling phasevarions.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Genetic variation regulates the activation and specificity of Restriction-Modification systems in Neisseria gonorrhoeae.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The core genome m5C methyltransferase JHP1050 (M.Hpy99III) plays an important role in orchestrating gene expression in Helicobacter pylori.Nucleic acids research · 2019Article
- Deciphering bacterial epigenomes using modern sequencing technologies.Nature reviews. Genetics · 2019Review
- DNA phosphorothioate modification-a new multi-functional epigenetic system in bacteria.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Phase variably expressed (randomly switching) methyltransferases associated with type III restriction-modification (R-M) systems have been identified in a variety of pathogenic bacteria. We have previously shown that a phase variable methyltransferase (Mod) associated with a type III R-M system in Haemophilus influenzae strain Rd coordinates the random switching of expression of multiple genes, and constitutes a phase variable regulon--'phasevarion'. We have now identified the recognition site for the Mod methyltransferase in H. influenzae strain Rd as 5'-CGAAT-3'. This is the same recognition site as the previously described HinfIII system. A survey of 59 H. influenzae strains indicated significant sequence heterogeneity in the central, variable region of the mod gene associated with target site recognition. Intra- and inter-strain transformation experiments using Mod methylated or non-methylated plasmids, and a methylation site assay demonstrated that the sequence heterogeneity seen in the region encoding target site specificity does correlate to distinct target sites. Mutations were identified within the res gene in several strains surveyed indicating that Res is not functional. These data suggest that evolution of this type III R-M system into an epigenetic mechanism for controlling gene expression has, in some strains, resulted in loss of the DNA restriction function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.