ArticleEuropean journal of epidemiology2007
Adult socioeconomic position, C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 in the Whitehall II prospective study.
Article in European journal of epidemiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Replication and reproducibility issues in the relationship between C-reactive protein and depression: A systematic review and focused meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Pooled it
- Systematic review of the evidence of a relationship between chronic psychosocial stress and C-reactive protein.Molecular diagnosis & therapy · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- Adaptive immune responses to vaccination reflect social status at first exposure in female rhesus macaques.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Social environments and lifestyles linked to mortality and future health risks in metabolic syndrome: evidence from UK and US nationwide cohort studies.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Does Poorer Pulmonary Function Accelerate Arterial Stiffening?: A Cohort Study With Repeated Measurements of Carotid-Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity.Hypertension (Dallas, Tex. : 1979) · 2019Article
- Article
- Pathways linking childhood abuse history and current socioeconomic status to inflammation during pregnancy.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2018Article
- Midlife contributors to socioeconomic differences in frailty during later life: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet. Public health · 2018Article
- Socio-economic inequalities in C-reactive protein and fibrinogen across the adult age span: Findings from Understanding Society.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Dietary inflammatory index and recurrence of depressive symptoms: Results from the Whitehall II Study.Clinical psychological science : a journal of the Association for Psychological Science · 2016Article
- Sex Differences in Associations Between Subjective Social Status and C-Reactive Protein in Young Adults.Psychosomatic medicine · 2016Article
- Review
- Long-term adherence to healthy dietary guidelines and chronic inflammation in the prospective Whitehall II study.The American journal of medicine · 2015Article
- Novel coronary heart disease risk factors at 60-64 years and life course socioeconomic position: the 1946 British birth cohort.Atherosclerosis · 2015Article
- Mechanisms, impact and management of pain in rheumatoid arthritis.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2014Review
- From stress to inflammation and major depressive disorder: a social signal transduction theory of depression.Psychological bulletin · 2014Review
- Cytokine variations and mood disorders: influence of social stressors and social support.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2014Review
- Chronic inflammation as a determinant of future aging phenotypes.CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne · 2013Article
- Association of lifecourse socioeconomic status with chronic inflammation and type 2 diabetes risk: the Whitehall II prospective cohort study.PLoS medicine · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundPrior studies on the association of inflammatory markers, such as C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6), with socioeconomic position (SEP) have been cross-sectional. Thus, the question of whether socioeconomic differences in CRP and IL-6 change over time remains unanswered. We examined the relationship between SEP and changes over 12 years in CRP and IL-6.
methodsData were for 4,750 middle-aged (mean 49.0 years, SD 5.9) civil servants from phases 3 and 7 of the Whitehall II study. Adult SEP was based on last known Civil Service employment grade. Covariates included sociodemographics, behavioural and biological risk factors, presence of diseases/illnesses, prescribed medications, work-related factors, labour market status and early life factors.
resultsSteep socioeconomic gradients observed at Phase 3 (p < 0.001) persisted in both CRP and IL-6 12 years later after adjustment for other risk factors. Adjustment for behavioural (diet and smoking), biological (mainly body mass index and total : HDL cholesterol ratio) and early life factors resulted in considerable attenuation but the inverse socioeconomic gradients remained statistically significant. Although CRP and IL-6 concentrations increased substantially over the 12-year period at every level of SEP, CRP and IL-6 did not change differentially according to SEP.
conclusionDespite overall increases in CRP and IL6, relative differences by SEP remained unchanged so that socioeconomic gradients in both sexes persisted over the period observed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.