ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2007
Low and undetectable breast milk interleukin-7 concentrations are associated with reduced risk of postnatal HIV transmission.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- Human milk oligosaccharide concentration and risk of postnatal transmission of HIV through breastfeeding.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2012Trial
- High concentrations of interleukin 15 in breast milk are associated with protection against postnatal HIV transmission.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2009Trial
- IL-7 in colostrum is associated with atopic dermatitis at 9 months of age: A birth cohort in Japan.Asia Pacific allergy · 2026Article
- The immune response to sub-clinical mastitis is impaired in HIV-infected women.Journal of translational medicine · 2018Article
- Human Milk and Allergic Diseases: An Unsolved Puzzle.Nutrients · 2017Review
- Colostrum and Mature Human Milk of Women from London, Moscow, and Verona: Determinants of Immune Composition.Nutrients · 2016Article
- Immunology of pediatric HIV infection.Immunological reviews · 2013Review
- The magnitude and kinetics of the mucosal HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte response and virus RNA load in breast milk.PloS one · 2011Article
- Interleukin 7 from maternal milk crosses the intestinal barrier and modulates T-cell development in offspring.PloS one · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate if breast milk interleukin [IL]-7 concentrations are associated with postnatal HIV transmission.
designA case-control study nested within a cohort of women recruited in Lusaka, Zambia.
methodsIL-7 breast milk concentrations were measured in samples from 24 HIV-infected breast-feeding women who transmitted HIV to their child after the neonatal period and from 47 women who did not transmit. Samples were frequency-matched by the time of sample collection (1 week and 1 month postpartum). Logistic regression was used to adjust for possible confounders. For comparison, samples from 18 HIV-uninfected women from the same community were included in the analysis, and plasma IL-7 was determined.
resultsBreast milk IL-7 concentrations were significantly higher than plasma IL-7 concentrations in all 3 groups. In contrast to levels among transmitters and HIV-uninfected women, breast milk IL-7 concentrations exhibited a bimodal distribution among nontransmitters. Breast milk IL-7 concentrations undetectable or less than 30 pg/mL were significantly associated with less HIV transmission (odds ratio = 0.13, 95% confidence interval: 0.03 to 0.64). The association remained strong after adjustment for breast milk viral load and sodium, maternal CD4 cell counts, parity, and time of sample collection.
conclusionBreast milk IL-7 may be necessary for effective HIV transmission.
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Registered trials
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