ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2007
Role of the rapA gene in controlling antibiotic resistance of Escherichia coli biofilms.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antimicrobial Tolerance in Biofilms.Microbiology spectrum · 2015Pooled it
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- Genomic heterogeneity and lineage-specific beta-lactamases in recurrentEmerging microbes & infections · 2025Article
- RapA opens the RNA polymerase clamp to disrupt post-termination complexes and prevent cytotoxic R-loop formation.Nature structural & molecular biology · 2025Article
- Microbiology of human spaceflight: microbial responses to mechanical forces that impact health and habitat sustainability.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2024Review
- Adjunctive intravesical EDTA-tromethamine treatment of a biofilm-associated recurrentThe Canadian veterinary journal = La revue veterinaire canadienne · 2024Article
- Biofilms as Battlefield Armor for Bacteria against Antibiotics: Challenges and Combating Strategies.Microorganisms · 2023Review
- Recycling of bacterial RNA polymerase by the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase RapA.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2023Article
- Culturing of a complex gut microbial community in mucin-hydrogel carriers reveals strain- and gene-associated spatial organization.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Emerging Non-Antibiotic Options Targeting Uropathogenic Mechanisms for Recurrent Uncomplicated Urinary Tract Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Recycling of Bacterial RNA Polymerase by the Swi2/Snf2 ATPase RapA.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2023Article
- Interactions of Chitosan-coated Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles usingCurrent pharmaceutical biotechnology · 2023Article
- Targeting the Holy Triangle of Quorum Sensing, Biofilm Formation, and Antibiotic Resistance in Pathogenic Bacteria.Microorganisms · 2022Review
- Search for a Shared Genetic or Biochemical Basis for Biofilm Tolerance to Antibiotics across Bacterial Species.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2022Article
- A Holling Functional Response Model for Mapping QTLs Governing Interspecific Interactions.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Mechanisms and Control Measures of Mature Biofilm Resistance to Antimicrobial Agents in the Clinical Context.ACS omega · 2020Review
- Regulation of the AcrAB efflux system by the quorum-sensing regulator AnoR in Acinetobacter nosocomialis.Journal of microbiology (Seoul, Korea) · 2020Review
- "It Takes a Village": Mechanisms Underlying Antimicrobial Recalcitrance of Polymicrobial Biofilms.Journal of bacteriology · 2019Review
- Elucidating the effect of anti-biofilm activity of bioactive compounds extracted from plants.Journal of biosciences · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
By using a high-throughput screening method, a mutant of a uropathogenic Escherichia coli strain affected in the rapA gene was isolated. The mutant formed normal-architecture biofilms but showed decreased penicillin G resistance, although the mutation did not affect planktonic cell resistance. Transcriptome analysis showed that 22 genes were down-regulated in the mutant biofilm. One of these genes was yhcQ, which encodes a putative multidrug resistance pump. Mutants with mutations in this gene also formed biofilms with decreased resistance, although the effect was less pronounced than that of the rapA mutation. Thus, an additional mechanism(s) controlled by a rapA-regulated gene(s) was involved in wild-type biofilm resistance. The search for this mechanism was guided by the fact that another down-regulated gene in rapA biofilms, yeeZ, is suspected to be involved in extra cell wall-related functions. A comparison of the biofilm matrix of the wild-type and rapA strains revealed decreased polysaccharide quantities and coverage in the mutant biofilms. Furthermore, the (fluorescent) functional penicillin G homologue Bocillin FL penetrated the mutant biofilms more readily. The results strongly suggest a dual mechanism for the wild-type biofilm penicillin G resistance, retarded penetration, and effective efflux. The results of studies with an E. coli K-12 strain pointed to the same conclusion. Since efflux and penetration can be general resistance mechanisms, tests were conducted with other antibiotics. The rapA biofilm was also more sensitive to norfloxacin, chloramphenicol, and gentamicin.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.