ArticleJournal of bacteriology2007
Salinity-dependent switching of osmolyte strategies in a moderately halophilic bacterium: glutamate induces proline biosynthesis in Halobacillus halophilus.
Article in Journal of bacteriology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
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Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 118 citations in OpenAlex.
- A Halophilic Bacterium for Bioremediation of Saline-Alkali Land: The Triadic and Synergetic Response Mechanism ofMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Salt-Tolerant Bacteria Support Salinity Stress Mitigating Impact of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in Maize (Microorganisms · 2025Article
- Bacterial osmoprotectants-a way to survive in saline conditions and potential crop allies.FEMS microbiology reviews · 2025Review
- Metabolic engineering of high-salinity-induced biosynthesis of γ-aminobutyric acid improves salt-stress tolerance in a glutamic acid-overproducing mutant of an ectoine-deficientApplied and environmental microbiology · 2024Article
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- The halophilic bacteriaFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
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- The Osmoprotectant Switch of Potassium to Compatible Solutes in an Extremely Halophilic ArchaeaGenes · 2022Article
- Glutamate optimizes enzymatic activity under high hydrostatic pressure in Desulfovibrio species: effects on the ubiquitous thioredoxin system.Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions · 2021Article
- Revealing the salinity adaptation mechanism in halotolerant bacterium Egicoccus halophilus EGI 80432Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2021Article
- Enhanced Glutamate Synthesis and Export by the Thermotolerant Emerging Industrial WorkhorseFrontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Stressed out: Bacterial response to high salinity using compatible solute biosynthesis and uptake systems, lessons fromComputational and structural biotechnology journal · 2021Review
- Comparative genomics analysis of Nitriliruptoria reveals the genomic differences and salt adaptation strategies.Extremophiles : life under extreme conditions · 2020Article
- A potassium chloride to glycine betaine osmoprotectant switch in the extreme halophile Halorhodospira halophila.Scientific reports · 2020Article
- When Salt Meddles Between Plant, Soil, and Microorganisms.Frontiers in plant science · 2020Review
- Article
- How an ancient, salt-tolerant fruit crop, Ficus carica L., copes with salinity: a transcriptome analysis.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Uncovering the Mechanisms of Halotolerance in the Extremely Acidophilic Members of theFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Salt-Tolerant Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria for Enhancing Crop Productivity of Saline Soils.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Review
- Targeted metabolomics reveals proline as a major osmolyte in the chemolithoautotroph Sulfurimonas denitrificans.MicrobiologyOpen · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus halophilus copes with the salinity in its environment by the production of compatible solutes. At intermediate salinities of around 1 M NaCl, cells produce glutamate and glutamine in a chloride-dependent manner (S. H. Saum, J. F. Sydow, P. Palm, F. Pfeiffer, D. Oesterhelt, and V. Müller, J. Bacteriol. 188:6808-6815, 2006). Here, we report that H. halophilus switches its osmolyte strategy and produces proline as the dominant solute at higher salinities (2 to 3 M NaCl). The proline biosynthesis genes proH, proJ, and proA were identified. They form a transcriptional unit and encode the pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase, the glutamate-5-kinase, and the glutamate-5-semialdehyde dehydrogenase, respectively, catalyzing proline biosynthesis from glutamate. Expression of the genes was clearly salinity dependent and reached a maximum at 2.5 M NaCl, indicating that the pro operon is involved in salinity-induced proline biosynthesis. To address the role of anions in the process of pro gene activation and proline biosynthesis, we used a cell suspension system. Chloride salts lead to the highest accumulation of proline. Interestingly, chloride could be substituted to a large extent by glutamate salts. This unexpected finding was further analyzed on the transcriptional level. The cellular mRNA levels of all three pro genes were increased up to 90-fold in the presence of glutamate. A titration revealed that a minimal concentration of 0.2 M glutamate already stimulated pro gene expression. These data demonstrate that the solute glutamate is involved in the switch of osmolyte strategy from glutamate to proline as the dominant compatible solute during the transition from moderate to high salinity.
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