ArticleDiabetologia2007
GAD autoantibodies and epitope reactivities persist after diagnosis in latent autoimmune diabetes in adults but do not predict disease progression: UKPDS 77.
Article in Diabetologia, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 55 citations in OpenAlex.
- Interventions for latent autoimmune diabetes (LADA) in adults.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2011 · on this mapPooled it
- Islet autoantibody positivity in overweight and obese adults with type 2 diabetes.Autoimmunity · 2018Trial
- Smoking, GAD65 autoimmunity, genetic susceptibility to type 1 diabetes and incident adult-onset diabetes in the EPIC-InterAct case-cohort study.Metabologia · 2026Article
- A Review on Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults.Cureus · 2023Review
- Article
- Prevalence of Positivity for Diabetes-Associated Autoantibodies in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes and Their Further Characterisation: Cross-sectional Study from Slovakia.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2023Article
- Recent information on test utilization and intraindividual change in anti-glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody in Korea: a retrospective study.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2022Article
- Relationships between Islet-Specific Autoantibody Titers and the Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2021Article
- A Type 1 Diabetes Genetic Risk Score Can Identify Patients With GAD65 Autoantibody-Positive Type 2 Diabetes Who Rapidly Progress to Insulin Therapy.Diabetes care · 2019Article
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: A Review on Clinical Implications and Management.Diabetes & metabolism journal · 2018Review
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults: Current Status and New Horizons.Endocrinology and metabolism (Seoul, Korea) · 2018Review
- Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: current knowledge and implications for management.Nature reviews. Endocrinology · 2017Review
- Predictive value of titer of GAD antibodies for further progression of beta cell dysfunction in slowly progressive insulin-dependent (type 1) diabetes (SPIDDM).Diabetology international · 2016Article
- Glutamic acid decarboxylase autoantibodies are dominant but insufficient to identify most Chinese with adult-onset non-insulin requiring autoimmune diabetes: LADA China study 5.Acta diabetologica · 2015Article
- Latent autoimmune diabetes of the adult: current knowledge and uncertainty.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2015Review
- Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults in the United Arab Emirates: Clinical Features and Factors Related to Insulin-Requirement.PloS one · 2015Article
- Urinary C-peptide creatinine ratio detects absolute insulin deficiency in Type 2 diabetes.Diabetic medicine : a journal of the British Diabetic Association · 2013Article
- Worse glycaemic control in LADA patients than in those with type 2 diabetes, despite a longer time on insulin therapy.Diabetologia · 2013Article
- Latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in a population-based cohort of Polish patients with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.Archives of medical science : AMS · 2012Article
- Time dynamics of autoantibodies are coupled to phenotypes and add to the heterogeneity of autoimmune diabetes in adults: the HUNT study, Norway.Diabetologia · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
aims/hypothesisLatent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) is a slowly progressive form of autoimmune diabetes, with autoantibodies to islet proteins developing in older patients who have no immediate requirement for insulin therapy. Markers of its clinical course are uncharacterised. The aim of this study was to determine whether persistence of, or changes in, GAD65 autoantibodies (GADAs) in the LADA patients who participated in the United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) were associated with disease progression or insulin requirement.
methodsGADA levels and their relative epitope reactivities to N-terminal, middle and C-terminal regions of human GAD65 were determined in 242 UKPDS patients who were GADA-positive at diagnosis; samples taken after 0.5, 3 and 6 years of follow-up were tested using a radiobinding assay. Comparisons were made of GADA status with clinical details and disease progression assessed by the requirement for intensified glucose-lowering therapy.
resultsGADA levels fluctuated between 0.5 and 6 years but persisted in 225 of 242 patients. No association of GADA levels with disease progression or insulin requirement was observed. Antibody reactivity was directed to C-terminal and middle epitopes of GAD65 in >70% patients, and the N-terminal in <9%. There were no changes in epitope reactivity pattern over the 6 year follow-up period, nor any association between epitope reactivity and insulin requirement. CONCLUSIONS/
interpretationGADAs persist for 6 years after diagnosis of LADA, but levels and reactivity to different GAD65 epitopes are not associated with disease progression.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.