Trial reportJournal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany)2007
Cholinergic status modulations in human volunteers under acute inflammation.
Trial report in Journal of molecular medicine (Berlin, Germany), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 38 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
38 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 107 citations in OpenAlex.
- Butyrylcholinesterase Activity as a Mortality Marker in ICU Patients: An Individual Participant Data Meta-Analysis.Critical care explorations · 2026Pooled it
- Endotoxemia-induced inflammation and the effect on the human brain.Critical care (London, England) · 2010Trial
- Influence of acute epinephrine infusion on endotoxin-induced parameters of heart rate variability: a randomized controlled trial.Annals of surgery · 2009Trial
- Different cholinesterase inhibitor effects on CSF cholinesterases in Alzheimer patients.Current Alzheimer research · 2009Trial
- New views on physiological functions and regulation of butyrylcholinesterase and potential therapeutic interventions.Frontiers in molecular biosciences · 2025Review
- Galantamine mitigates testicular injury and disturbed spermatogenesis in adjuvant arthritic rats via modulating apoptosis, inflammatory signals, and IL-6/JAK/STAT3/SOCS3 signaling.Inflammopharmacology · 2024Article
- Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients Show Reduced Point of Care-Measured Butyrylcholinesterase Activity-A Prospective, Monocentric Observational Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Reduced serum cholinesterase is an independent risk factor for all-cause mortality in the pediatric intensive care unit.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Article
- The role of acetylcholine in negative encoding bias: Too much of a good thing?The European journal of neuroscience · 2021Review
- Augmentation of peripheral lymphocyte-derived cholinergic activity in patients with acute ischemic stroke.BMC neurology · 2019Article
- A Sustained Reduction in Serum Cholinesterase Enzyme Activity Predicts Patient Outcome following Sepsis.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Effect of Essential Oils from Ginger (Journal of toxicology · 2018Article
- Butyrylcholinesterase Levels on Admission Predict Severity and 12-Month Mortality in Hospitalized AIDS Patients.Mediators of inflammation · 2018Article
- Primary cilia modulate TLR4-mediated inflammatory responses in hippocampal neurons.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2017Article
- Downregulated expression of microRNA-124 in pediatric intestinal failure patients modulates macrophages activation by inhibiting STAT3 and AChE.Cell death & disease · 2016Article
- Diurnal Variation of the Peripheral Cholinergic Antiinflammatory Function in Mice.CNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2016Article
- Weakened Cholinergic Blockade of Inflammation Associates with Diabetes-Related Depression.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2016Article
- Reduced butyrylcholinesterase activity is an early indicator of trauma-induced acute systemic inflammatory response.Journal of inflammation research · 2016Article
- Physiologic variability at the verge of systemic inflammation: multiscale entropy of heart rate variability is affected by very low doses of endotoxin.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2015Article
- Role of α7 nicotinic receptor in the immune system and intracellular signaling pathways.Central-European journal of immunology · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Cholinergic Status, the total soluble circulation capacity for acetylcholine hydrolysis, was tested for putative involvement in individual variabilities of the recruitment of immune cells in response to endotoxin challenge. Young (average age 26) and elderly (average age 70) volunteers injected with either Escherichia coli endotoxin or saline on two different occasions were first designated Enhancers and Suppressors if they showed increase or decrease, respectively, in plasma acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity 1.5 h after endotoxin administration compared to saline. Enhancers showed significant co-increases in plasma butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and paraoxonase (PON1) activities, accompanied by rapid recovery of lymphocyte counts. Young Enhancers alone showed pronounced post-exposure increases in the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-6 (IL-6), and upregulation of the normally rare, stress-induced AChE-R variant, suggesting age-associated exhaustion of the cholinergic effects on recruiting innate immune reactions to endotoxin challenge. Importantly, IL-6 injected to young volunteers or administered in vitro to primary mononuclear blood cells caused upregulation of AChE, but not BChE or PON1, excluding it from being the sole cause for this extended response. Interestingly, Suppressors but not Enhancers showed improved post-exposure working memory performance, indicating that limited cholinergic reactions may be beneficial for cognition. Our findings establish Cholinergic Status modulations as early facilitators and predictors of individual variabilities in the peripheral response to infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.