ArticlePloS one2007
Tracking virus-specific CD4+ T cells during and after acute hepatitis C virus infection.
Article in PloS one, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
34 citing papers in PubMed, 70 citations in OpenAlex.
- Follicular T helper cells shape the HCV-specific CD4+ T cell repertoire after virus elimination.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- CD4+ T cell restoration and control of hepatitis C virus replication after childbirth.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Galectin-9 and IL-21 mediate cross-regulation between Th17 and Treg cells during acute hepatitis C.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- Activation-Induced Marker Assay to Identify and Isolate HCV-Specific T Cells for Single-Cell RNA-Seq Analysis.Viruses · 2024Article
- Cell type-specific delivery by modular envelope design.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Characterizing Hepatitis C Virus-Specific CD4Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2020Observational
- Adaptive Immune Response against Hepatitis C Virus.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Protective cellular immune response against hepatitis C virus elicited by chimeric protein formulations in BALB/c mice.Archives of virology · 2020Article
- CD4+ T cell responses in human viral infection: lessons from hepatitis C.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2020Article
- Review
- Management of acute HCV infection in the era of direct-acting antiviral therapy.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2018Review
- Role of the E2 Hypervariable Region (HVR1) in the Immunogenicity of a Recombinant Hepatitis C Virus Vaccine.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Evidence of CD4Scientific reports · 2018Article
- CD4Trends in molecular medicine · 2017Review
- Adaptive immunity in the liver.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2016Review
- T cell responses in hepatitis C virus infection: historical overview and goals for future research.Antiviral research · 2015Review
- Influence of host resistance on viral adaptation: hepatitis C virus as a case study.Infection and drug resistance · 2015Review
- Dysfunctional CD8+ T cells in hepatitis B and C are characterized by a lack of antigen-specific T-bet induction.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2014Article
- Influence of HIV and HCV on T cell antigen presentation and challenges in the development of vaccines.Frontiers in microbiology · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
26 authors at 10 institutions in 6 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCD4+ T cell help is critical in maintaining antiviral immune responses and such help has been shown to be sustained in acute resolving hepatitis C. In contrast, in evolving chronic hepatitis C CD4+ T cell helper responses appear to be absent or short-lived, using functional assays. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL
findingsHere we used a novel HLA-DR1 tetramer containing a highly targeted CD4+ T cell epitope from the hepatitis C virus non-structural protein 4 to track number and phenotype of hepatitis C virus specific CD4+ T cells in a cohort of seven HLA-DR1 positive patients with acute hepatitis C in comparison to patients with chronic or resolved hepatitis C. We observed peptide-specific T cells in all seven patients with acute hepatitis C regardless of outcome at frequencies up to 0.65% of CD4+ T cells. Among patients who transiently controlled virus replication we observed loss of function, and/or physical deletion of tetramer+ CD4+ T cells before viral recrudescence. In some patients with chronic hepatitis C very low numbers of tetramer+ cells were detectable in peripheral blood, compared to robust responses detected in spontaneous resolvers. Importantly we did not observe escape mutations in this key CD4+ T cell epitope in patients with evolving chronic hepatitis C. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: During acute hepatitis C a CD4+ T cell response against this epitope is readily induced in most, if not all, HLA-DR1+ patients. This antiviral T cell population becomes functionally impaired or is deleted early in the course of disease in those where viremia persists.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.