ArticleJournal of virology2007
Vpr is required for efficient Nef expression from unintegrated human immunodeficiency virus type 1 DNA.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- HIV Genome-Wide Protein Associations: a Review of 30 Years of Research.Microbiology and molecular biology reviews : MMBR · 2016Pooled it
- Non-integrase mechanisms for dolutegravir resistance.Retrovirology · 2026Review
- Epigenetic mechanisms of retroviral regulation: a comparative review.Epigenetics & chromatin · 2026Review
- POLE3 is a repressor of unintegrated HIV-1 DNA required for efficient virus integration and escape from innate immune sensing.Science advances · 2023Article
- HIV Preintegration Transcription and Host Antagonism.Current HIV research · 2023Article
- Article
- Two lymphoid cell lines potently silence unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs.Retrovirology · 2022Article
- CHAF1A/B mediate silencing of unintegrated HIV-1 DNAs early in infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Silencing of Unintegrated Retroviral DNAs.Viruses · 2021Review
- The SMC5/6 complex compacts and silences unintegrated HIV-1 DNA and is antagonized by Vpr.Cell host & microbe · 2021Article
- Superior lentiviral vectors designed for BSL-0 environment abolish vector mobilization.Gene therapy · 2018Article
- Article
- Underlying mechanisms of HIV-1 latency.Virus genes · 2017Review
- Distribution and fate of HIV-1 unintegrated DNA species: a comprehensive update.AIDS research and therapy · 2017Review
- Total HIV-1 DNA, a Marker of Viral Reservoir Dynamics with Clinical Implications.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2016Review
- Opposite transcriptional regulation of integrated vs unintegrated HIV genomes by the NF-κB pathway.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- An HIV-1 replication pathway utilizing reverse transcription products that fail to integrate.Journal of virology · 2013Article
- DNA damage enhances integration of HIV-1 into macrophages by overcoming integrase inhibition.Retrovirology · 2013Article
- Article
- Development of a robust cell-based high-throughput screening assay to identify targets of HIV-1 viral protein R dimerization.Drug design, development and therapy · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Unintegrated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) DNA are viral DNA products formed naturally during HIV replication. While the integrated proviral DNA form is transcriptionally active and results in productive infection, unintegrated DNA is also capable of expression of viral RNA and proteins. Previously, we showed that HIV Vpr enhances expression from integrase-defective HIV. Here we show that Vpr activation of expression is partially dependent upon the presence of a transcriptionally active HIV promoter and results in increased transcription of unspliced gag and spliced nef viral RNA. While Tat is detectable during infection with integrase-defective HIV, Tat levels are not affected by the presence of Vpr. Mutation studies reveal that Tat is dispensable for the Vpr-mediated enhancement of expression from unintegrated DNA. We find that virion-associated Vpr is sufficient for Nef expression from unintegrated viral DNA, resulting in the efficient downregulation of CD4 from the surface of infected cells. These results provide a mechanism by which Nef expression from unintegrated HIV type 1 DNA expression occurs.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.