ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Poor correlation between BCG vaccination-induced T cell responses and protection against tuberculosis.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 159 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
159 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 286 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immunological outcomes of new tuberculosis vaccine trials: WHO panel recommendations.PLoS medicine · 2008Guideline
- Induction of Functional Specific Antibodies, IgG-Secreting Plasmablasts and Memory B Cells Following BCG Vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Trial
- CD4+ T cell cytokine responses to the DAR-901 booster vaccine in BCG-primed adults: A randomized, placebo-controlled trial.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Adjuvant-Associated Peripheral Blood mRNA Profiles and Kinetics Induced by the Adjuvanted Recombinant Protein Candidate Tuberculosis Vaccine M72/AS01 in Bacillus Calmette-Guérin-Vaccinated Adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Trial
- Cell-Mediated Immune Predictors of Vaccine Effect on Viral Load and CD4 Count in a Phase 2 Therapeutic HIV-1 Vaccine Clinical Trial.EBioMedicine · 2017Trial
- Immunogenicity of BCG in HIV-exposed and non-exposed infants following routine birth or delayed vaccination.The international journal of tuberculosis and lung disease : the official journal of the International Union against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease · 2015Trial
- Heterologous vaccination against human tuberculosis modulates antigen-specific CD4+ T-cell function.European journal of immunology · 2013Trial
- A phase IIa trial of the new tuberculosis vaccine, MVA85A, in HIV- and/or Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected adults.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2012Trial
- The novel tuberculosis vaccine, AERAS-402, induces robust and polyfunctional CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in adults.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2010Trial
- Delaying BCG vaccination from birth to 10 weeks of age may result in an enhanced memory CD4 T cell response.Vaccine · 2009Trial
- Strong, sustained type I IFN signaling acts cell intrinsically to impair IFNγ responses and cause tuberculosis susceptibility.Cell host & microbe · 2026Article
- Strong sustained type I IFN signaling acts cell intrinsically to impair IFNγ responses and cause tuberculosis susceptibility.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Immune Responsiveness Induced by Administration of Heat-Inactivated M. bovis and BCG Prior to Experimental Infection in African Buffalo.Transboundary and emerging diseases · 2026Article
- Cross-species blood transcriptional correlates of BCG-mediated protection against tuberculosis include innate and adaptive immune processes.JCI insight · 2025Article
- Tuberculosis susceptibility in genetically diverse mice reveals functional diversity of neutrophils.eLife · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of smear microscopy, mycobacterial culture, and GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for diagnosis of subclinical tuberculosis: a retrospective multicenter study.Microbiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Oral delivery of Mycobacterium bovis bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in alginate spheres to captive white-tailed deer.BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- A BCG kill switch strain protects against Mycobacterium tuberculosis in mice and non-human primates with improved safety and immunogenicity.Nature microbiology · 2025Article
- Immune responses of cattle vaccinated by various routes with Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG).BMC veterinary research · 2025Article
- Editorial: Tuberculosis and humoral immunity.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
99 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mycobacterium bovis bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is the most widely used live bacterial vaccine. However, limited information is available correlating route and dose of vaccination and induction of specific T cell responses with protection against tuberculosis. We compared efficacy of oral and systemic vaccination and correlated vaccine-induced T cell responses with protection in experimental tuberculosis of mice. After oral and systemic vaccination, we observed profound differences in persistence and dissemination of BCG and frequencies and location of specific IFN-gamma-secreting CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells. Yet, both vaccination routes caused comparable levels of protection against aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Protection correlated best with rapid accumulation of specific CD8(+) T cells in infected tissues of challenged mice. In contrast, specific IFN-gamma production by CD4(+) T cells reflected the load of M. tuberculosis rather than the strength of protection. Our data question the measurement of IFN-gamma secretion by CD4(+) T cells and emphasize the need for new biomarkers for evaluation of tuberculosis vaccine efficacies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.