ArticleJournal of virology2007
Unequal evolutionary rates in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) pandemic: the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 slows down when the epidemic rate increases.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 57 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
57 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Defining HIV-1 transmission clusters based on sequence data.AIDS (London, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Unique genetic signatures in HIV-1 subtype A1 and A1D recombinant envelope glycoprotein distinguish contemporary transmitted/founder viruses from historical strains in East Africa.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Impact of subtype C-specific amino acid variants on HIV-1 Tat-TAR interaction: insights from molecular modelling and dynamics.Virology journal · 2024Article
- Rev Protein Diversity in HIV-1 Group M Clades.Viruses · 2024Article
- Article
- Optimization of genetic distance threshold for inferring the CRF01_AE molecular network based on next-generation sequencing.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2024Article
- Article
- Social, Epidemiological, and Virological Characteristics from Peruvian Subjects Living with HIV-1/AIDS with Different Sexual Risk Behavior.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2022Article
- The Slowing Rate of CpG Depletion in SARS-CoV-2 Genomes Is Consistent with Adaptations to the Human Host.Molecular biology and evolution · 2022Article
- Phylogenetic reconstruction of the initial stages of the spread of the SARS-CoV-2 virus in the Eurasian and American continents by analyzing genomic data.Virus research · 2021Article
- Article
- SARS-CoV-2 Portrayed against HIV: Contrary Viral Strategies in Similar Disguise.Microorganisms · 2021Review
- The Evolution of Regulatory Elements in the Emerging Promoter-Variant Strains of HIV-1 Subtype C.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Priority Intervention Targets Identified Using an In-Depth Sampling HIV Molecular Network in a Non-Subtype B Epidemics Area.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2021Article
- Persistence of HIV transmission clusters among people who inject drugs.AIDS (London, England) · 2020Article
- Divergence dating using mixed effects clock modelling: An application to HIV-1.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 Diversity in the Moscow Region, Russia: Phylodynamics of the Most Common Subtypes.Frontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Link between the numbers of particles and variants founding new HIV-1 infections depends on the timing of transmission.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Genome-scale analysis of evolutionary rate and selection in a fast-expanding Spanish cluster of HIV-1 subtype F1.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2018Article
- Evolution of HIV-1 within untreated individuals and at the population scale in Uganda.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
HIV-1 sequences in intravenous drug user (IDU) networks are highly homogenous even after several years, while this is not observed in most sexual epidemics. To address this disparity, we examined the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) evolutionary rate on the population level for IDU and heterosexual transmissions. All available HIV-1 env V3 sequences from IDU outbreaks and heterosexual epidemics with known sampling dates were collected from the Los Alamos HIV sequence database. Evolutionary rates were calculated using phylogenetic trees with a t test root optimization of dated samples. The evolutionary rate of HIV-1 subtype A1 was found to be 8.4 times lower in fast spread among IDUs in the former Soviet Union (FSU) than in slow spread among heterosexual individuals in Africa. Mixed epidemics (IDU and heterosexual) showed intermediate evolutionary rates, indicating a combination of fast- and slow-spread patterns. Hence, if transmissions occur repeatedly during the initial stage of host infection, before selective pressures of the immune system have much impact, the rate of HIV-1 evolution on the population level will decrease. Conversely, in slow spread, where HIV-1 evolves under the pressure of the immune system before a donor infects a recipient, the virus evolution at the population level will increase. Epidemiological modeling confirmed that the evolutionary rate of HIV-1 depends on the rate of spread and predicted that the HIV-1 evolutionary rate in a fast-spreading epidemic, e.g., for IDUs in the FSU, will increase as the population becomes saturated with infections and the virus starts to spread to other risk groups.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.