ArticleNucleic acids research1991
Upstream box/TATA box order is the major determinant of the direction of transcription.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 1991. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identification of a 193 bp promoter region of TaNRX1-D gene from common wheat that contributes to osmotic or ABA stress inducibility in transgenic Arabidopsis.Genes & genomics · 2021Article
- Evolution ofFrontiers in physiology · 2017Article
- The Determinants of Directionality in Transcriptional Initiation.Trends in genetics : TIG · 2016Review
- Cloning and Molecular Characterization of Porcine β-casein Gene (CNS2).Asian-Australasian journal of animal sciences · 2012Article
- TBP domain symmetry in basal and activated archaeal transcription.Molecular microbiology · 2009Article
- Bidirectional transcription is an inherent feature of Giardia lamblia promoters and contributes to an abundance of sterile antisense transcripts throughout the genome.Nucleic acids research · 2007Article
- Frequency distribution of TATA Box and extension sequences on human promoters.BMC bioinformatics · 2006Article
- A unique, short sequence determines p53 gene basal and UV-inducible expression in normal human cells.Oncogene · 2000Article
- Viral and cellular mRNA capping: past and prospects.Advances in virus research · 2000Review
- The structural basis for the oriented assembly of a TBP/TFB/promoter complex.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1999Article
- New core promoter element in RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription: sequence-specific DNA binding by transcription factor IIB.Genes & development · 1998Article
- Bidirectional binding of the TATA box binding protein to the TATA box.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1997Article
- Isolation and characterization of the androgen-dependent mouse cysteine-rich secretory protein-1 (CRISP-1) gene.The Biochemical journal · 1997Article
- TATA elements direct bi-directional transcription by RNA polymerases II and III.Nucleic acids research · 1996Article
- An inverted TATA box directs downstream transcription of the bone sialoprotein gene.The Biochemical journal · 1995Article
- Isolation and characterization of the androgen-dependent mouse cysteine-rich secretory protein-3 (CRISP-3) gene.The Biochemical journal · 1995Article
- Functional identification of the promoter for the gene encoding the alpha subunit of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 1995Article
- TATA-dependent enhancer stimulation of promoter activity in mice is developmentally acquired.Molecular and cellular biology · 1994Article
- Transcriptional activation by recombinant GAL4-VP16 in the Xenopus oocyte.Nucleic acids research · 1993Article
- The CAGTCACA box in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe functions like a TATA element and binds a novel factor.The EMBO journal · 1993Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mammalian gene promoters for transcription by RNA polymerase II are typically organized in the following order: upstream sequence motif(s)/TATA box/initiation site. Here we report studies in which the order, orientation and DNA sequences of these three elements are varied to determine how these affect polarity of transcription. We have constructed promoters with an 'octamer' upstream sequence ATTTGCAT (or its complement ATGCAAAT) in combination with several different TATA boxes and initiation (cap) sites, and tested these promoters in transfection experiments with cultured cells. TATA boxes derived from the adenovirus major late promoter (TATAAAA), immunoglobulin kappa light chain (TTATATA) and heavy chain (TAAATATA) promoter functioned equally well or even better when inverted. Only the beta-globin TATA box (CATAAAA) was poorly active when inverted. In addition, a symmetrical TATA box (TATATATA) derived from a casein gene was very active. Our results suggest that the asymmetry of most TATA boxes (consensus TATAAAA) is not a primary determinant of the polarity of transcription. We also found that the initiation (cap) site, which usually consists of an adenine embedded in a pyrimidine-rich region (PyPyCAPyPyPyPyPy), was permissive towards sequence alterations; even a randomly composed sequence worked well. However, an inverted, hence purine-rich, cap site reduced transcript levels to 1/7th, as did an oligo G sequence. Irrespective of the presence of a cap site, the configuration: 'TATA box/octamer' yielded a strong leftward, rather than rightward transcription. From this, we conclude that the polarity of transcription is primarily determined by the linear order of an upstream sequence relative to a TATA box, rather than by the individual orientations of either of these two elements.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.