ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2007
The Th1/Th2 paradigm: still important in pregnancy?
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 230 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intralipid therapy and adverse reproductive outcome: is there any evidence?Reproduction & fertility · 2021Pooled it
- Regulatory T-cells and immune tolerance in pregnancy: a new target for infertility treatment?Human reproduction updatePooled it
- Differential Impact of the Endometrial Immune Environment in Fresh Versus Frozen Embryo Transfer.Cells · 2026Trial
- Endometrial immune profiling and precision therapy increase live birth rate after embryo transfer: a randomised controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- Newborn IgG and IgM antibodies to maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection in pregnancy and child neurodevelopmental outcomes.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2026Article
- Donor sperm IVF pregnancies exhibit elevated risk of new-onset hypertensive disorders: a retrospective cohort study.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2026Article
- Using endometrial immune profiling in young IVF patients: implantation rates improved for morphologically sub-optimal embryos.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Microbial regulators of physiological and reproductive health in women of reproductive age: their local, proximal and distal regulatory roles.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Review
- Maternal Immune Characteristics at Mid and Late Pregnancy Are Mostly Independent of Fetal Allogeneity in Mice.American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989) · 2025Article
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- Inflammatory Conditions During Pregnancy and Risk of Autism and Other Neurodevelopmental Disorders.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2024Article
- Cytokine profile in peripheral blood mononuclear cells differs between embryo donor and potential recipient sows.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2024Article
- Natural Microbial Exposure from the Earliest Natural Time Point Enhances Immune Development by Expanding Immune Cell Progenitors and Mature Immune Cells.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2023Article
- The Relationship between Maternal Antibodies to Fetal Brain and Prenatal Stress Exposure in Autism Spectrum Disorder.Metabolites · 2023Article
- Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and growth factors in patients undergoingFrontiers in immunology · 2023Article
- Influenza Virus Infection during Pregnancy as a Trigger of Acute and Chronic Complications.Viruses · 2022Review
- Viral hepatitis in pregnancy.Journal of viral hepatitis · 2022Review
- Interaction between endometrial microbiota and host gene regulation in recurrent implantation failure.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2022Article
- Fetal sex and risk of preeclampsia: Dose maternal race matter?The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
1 author at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The enunciation of the T helper 1/T helper 2 (Th1/Th2) paradigm in pregnancy has represented a major step forward in our understanding of physiological and pathologic materno-foetal relationship. However, recent developments in studies of the implantation process and in the emergence of the uterine vascular bed and its control by natural killer cells and cytokines suggest that one must go beyond this hitherto useful scheme. In this review, we replace the emergence of the paradigm in its historical context and then emphasises what it does explain and what it no longer account for. A final reappraisal of the paradigm is suggested.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.