Trial reportBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2007
Main morbidities recorded in the women's international study of long duration oestrogen after menopause (WISDOM): a randomised controlled trial of hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women.
Trial report in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 70 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
70 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A cost-saving analysis of pharmacologic management in osteoporotic fracture prevention among postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2025Pooled it
- The benefits and risks of menopause hormone therapy for the cardiovascular system in postmenopausal women: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC women's health · 2024Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of effects of menopausal hormone therapy on cardiovascular diseases.Scientific reports · 2020Pooled it
- Guideline
- Long-term hormone therapy for perimenopausal and postmenopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Hormone therapy for preventing cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2015Pooled it
- Effect of hormone replacement therapy on cardiovascular outcomes: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- The 2012 hormone therapy position statement of: The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2012Guideline
- Fracture prevention in postmenopausal women.BMJ clinical evidence · 2011Pooled it
- Association between hormone replacement therapy and subsequent arterial and venous vascular events: a meta-analysis.European heart journal · 2008Pooled it
- Estrogen and progestogen use in postmenopausal women: July 2008 position statement of The North American Menopause Society.Menopause (New York, N.Y.)Guideline
- Influence of Cardiometabolic Status on Cardiovascular Effects of Oral Menopausal Hormone Therapy.Obstetrics and gynecology · 2026Trial
- Estrogen alone and health outcomes in black women by African ancestry: a secondary analyses of a randomized controlled trial.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2017Trial
- Hormone therapy and fatal breast cancer.Pharmacoepidemiology and drug safety · 2010Trial
- Lipoprotein particle concentrations may explain the absence of coronary protection in the women's health initiative hormone trials.Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology · 2008Trial
- Health related quality of life after combined hormone replacement therapy: randomised controlled trial.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2008Trial
- Escitalopram reduces hot flashes in nondepressed menopausal women: A pilot study.Annals of clinical psychiatry : official journal of the American Academy of Clinical PsychiatristsTrial
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy and Cardiovascular Risk: Current Evidence and Clinical Implications.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Trends and Patterns for the Use of Herbal Medicinal Products for Gynaecological Ailments.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2026Article
- Advancing evidence-based regulation: Organization for the Study of Sex Differences and Society for Women's Health Research support FDA action on menopausal hormone therapy and encourage broader sex-informed drug label updates.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
10 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess the long term risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (combined hormone therapy versus placebo, and oestrogen alone versus combined hormone therapy).
designMulticentre, randomised, placebo controlled, double blind trial.
settingGeneral practices in UK (384), Australia (91), and New Zealand (24).
participantsPostmenopausal women aged 50-69 years at randomisation. At early closure of the trial, 56,583 had been screened, 8980 entered run-in, and 5692 (26% of target of 22,300) started treatment.
interventionsOestrogen only therapy (conjugated equine oestrogens 0.625 mg orally daily) or combined hormone therapy (conjugated equine oestrogens plus medroxyprogesterone acetate 2.5/5.0 mg orally daily). Ten years of treatment planned.
main outcome measuresPRIMARY OUTCOMES: major cardiovascular disease, osteoporotic fractures, and breast cancer. SECONDARY OUTCOMES: other cancers, death from all causes, venous thromboembolism, cerebrovascular disease, dementia, and quality of life.
resultsThe trial was prematurely closed during recruitment, after a median follow-up of 11.9 months (interquartile range 7.1-19.6, total 6498 women years) in those enrolled, after the publication of early results from the women's health initiative study. The mean age of randomised women was 62.8 (SD 4.8) years. When combined hormone therapy (n=2196) was compared with placebo (n=2189), there was a significant increase in the number of major cardiovascular events (7 v 0, P=0.016) and venous thromboembolisms (22 v 3, hazard ratio 7.36 (95% CI 2.20 to 24.60)). There were no statistically significant differences in numbers of breast or other cancers (22 v 25, hazard ratio 0.88 (0.49 to 1.56)), cerebrovascular events (14 v 19, 0.73 (0.37 to 1.46)), fractures (40 v 58, 0.69 (0.46 to 1.03)), and overall deaths (8 v 5, 1.60 (0.52 to 4.89)). Comparison of combined hormone therapy (n=815) versus oestrogen therapy (n=826) outcomes revealed no significant differences.
conclusionsHormone replacement therapy increases cardiovascular and thromboembolic risk when started many years after the menopause. The results are consistent with the findings of the women's health initiative study and secondary prevention studies. Research is needed to assess the long term risks and benefits of starting hormone replacement therapy near the menopause, when the effect may be different.
trial registrationCurrent Controlled Trials ISRCTN 63718836.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.