ReviewSeminars in immunopathology2007
Toll-like receptors in the skin.
Review in Seminars in immunopathology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 152 citations in OpenAlex.
- Keratinocytes as active regulators of cutaneous and mucosal immunity: a systematic review across inflammatory epithelial disorders.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Beyond clinical closure: functional skin barrier recovery to prevent diabetic foot ulcer recurrence: a narrative review.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Review
- Reversing diabetic wound stagnation: macrophage polarization dysregulation as a therapeutic linchpin from pathogenesis to precision interventions.Burns & trauma · 2026Review
- Reduced TLR3 and TLR9 Expression in Epidermodysplasia Verruciformis: Evidence From a Comparative Skin Study.Journal of medical virology · 2025Article
- Molluscum Contagiosum Virus: Biology and Immune Response.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- Insights into the unique roles of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT) in wound healing.Frontiers in physiology · 2024Review
- Microbiome modulates immunotherapy response in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma.Experimental dermatology · 2023Article
- Molecular study of feline dermatophytosis and Toll-like receptor 2 and 4 gene expression in their lesions.Veterinary medicine and science · 2023Article
- Article
- T Lymphocyte Subsets Profile and Toll-Like Receptors Responses in Patients with Herpes Zoster.Journal of pain research · 2023Article
- Skin Microbiome Variation with Cancer Progression in Human Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Article
- Xanthatin Alleviates LPS-Induced Inflammatory Response in RAW264.7 Macrophages by Inhibiting NF-κB, MAPK and STATs Activation.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Review
- Skin γδ T Cells and Their Function in Wound Healing.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Inflammatory Microenvironment of Skin Wounds.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Keratins as an Inflammation Trigger Point in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Microarray patches enable the development of skin-targeted vaccines against COVID-19.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2021Review
- Emerging skin-targeted drug delivery strategies to engineer immunity: A focus on infectious diseases.Expert opinion on drug delivery · 2021Review
- Induced Transient Immune Tolerance in Ticks and Vertebrate Host: A Keystone of Tick-Borne Diseases?Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
- Type I Interferon Induction in Cutaneous DNA Damage Syndromes.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are important pattern-recognition receptors involved in host defense against a variety of pathogenic microorganisms. Activation of TLRs leads to the production of cytokines, chemokines, antimicrobial peptides, and upregulation costimulatory and adhesion molecules involved in innate and adaptive immune responses. TLRs are expressed on a variety of cell types found in the skin, including keratinocytes and Langerhans cells in the epidermis, resident and trafficking immunesystem cells such as macrophages, dendritic cells, T and B cells, and mast cells in the dermis, endothelial cells of the skin microvasculature, and skin stromal cells such as fibroblasts and adipocytes. There have been an increasing number of reports demonstrating that TLRs play a key role in cutaneous host defense mechanisms against bacterial, fungal, and viral pathogens. In addition, TLRs have also been implicated in the pathophysiology of various inflammatory skin diseases.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.