ArticleNucleic acids research2007
Widely variable endogenous retroviral methylation levels in human placenta.
Article in Nucleic acids research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 102 citations in OpenAlex.
- Virus-Derived Domesticated Genes in Microglia and Resident Macrophages: Insights into Placenta-Driven Evolution in Mammals.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Transcriptional Activation of Transposable Element (TE)-Associated Genes Is Frequently Associated with Altered Promoter Methylation in Placenta and Melanoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Placenta-Driven Evolution: Viral Gene Acquisition andBiomolecules · 2026Review
- ERV3-MLT1 provides cis-regulatory elements for human placental functioning and are commonly dysregulated in human-specific preeclampsia.Genome biology · 2025Article
- Exploring the epigenetic mechanisms of recurrent pregnancy loss: from genetic predisposition to environmental influences.Journal of assisted reproduction and genetics · 2025Review
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus-K (HML-2)-Related Genetic Variation: Human Genome Diversity and Disease.Genes · 2023Review
- Progressive Exaptation of Endogenous Retroviruses in Placental Evolution in Cattle.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- The transposable element-derived transcript of LIN28B has a placental origin and is not specific to tumours.Molecular genetics and genomics : MGG · 2023Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviruses in Diseases.Sub-cellular biochemistry · 2023Article
- Extensive Placental Methylation Profiling in Normal Pregnancies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- The Immunology of Syncytialized Trophoblast.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Cell-specific characterization of the placental methylome.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- The significance of the placental genome and methylome in fetal and maternal health.Human genetics · 2020Review
- Developmental genome-wide DNA methylation asymmetry between mouse placenta and embryo.Epigenetics · 2020Article
- Article
- Human Endogenous Retrovirus K (HML-2) in Health and Disease.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
- Reawakening the Developmental Origins of Cancer Through Transposable Elements.Frontiers in oncology · 2020Article
- Human placental methylome in the interplay of adverse placental health, environmental exposure, and pregnancy outcome.PLoS genetics · 2019Review
- Promoter expression of HERV-K (HML-2) provirus-derived sequences is related to LTR sequence variation and polymorphic transcription factor binding sites.Retrovirology · 2018Article
- Differential Methylation of Syncytin-1 and 2 Distinguishes Fetal Growth Restriction from Physiologic Small for Gestational Age.AJP reports · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
It is generally assumed that transposable elements, including endogenous retroviruses (ERVs), are silenced by DNA methylation/chromatin structure in mammalian cells. However, there have been very few experimental studies to examine the methylation status of human ERVs. In this study, we determined and compared the methylation status of the 5' long terminal repeats (LTRs) of different copies of the human endogenous retrovirus (HERV) family HERV-E, which are inserted in various genomic contexts. We found that three HERV-E LTRs which function as alternative gene promoters in placenta are unmethylated in that tissue but heavily methylated in blood cells, where these LTRs are not active promoters. This difference is not solely due to global hypomethylation in placenta, since two general measures of methylation levels of HERV-E and HERV-K LTRs suggest only 10-15% lower overall HERV methylation in placenta compared to blood. Comparisons between methylation levels of the LTR-derived gene promoters and six random HERV-E LTRs in placenta showed that the former display significantly lower methylation levels than random LTRs. Moreover, the differences in methylation between LTRs cannot always be explained by their genomic environment, since methylation of flanking sequences can be very different from methylation of the LTR itself.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.