ArticleBMC public health2007
Health inequalities in Germany: do regional-level variables explain differentials in cardiovascular risk?
Article in BMC public health, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Associations between dimensions of the social environment and cardiometabolic risk factors: Systematic review and meta-analysis.SSM - population health · 2024Review
- A Regionalization Model to Increase Equity of Access to Maternal and Neonatal Care Services in Iran.Journal of preventive medicine and public health = Yebang Uihakhoe chi · 2022Article
- Social inequalities in mild and severe myocardial infarction: how large is the gap in health expectancies?BMC public health · 2021Article
- Social Mechanisms in Epidemiological Publications on Small-Area Health Inequalities-A Scoping Review.Frontiers in public health · 2019Article
- Geographic Variations in Cardiometabolic Risk Factors in Luxembourg.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2017Article
- [Cardiovascular risk factors in the population at risk of poverty and social exclusión].Atencion primaria · 2017Article
- Expansion or compression of long-term care in Germany between 2001 and 2009? A small-area decomposition study based on administrative health data.Population health metrics · 2016Article
- Inequalities in mortality by socioeconomic factors and Roma ethnicity in the two biggest cities in Slovakia: a multilevel analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2015Article
- Individual- and area-level effects on mortality risk in Germany, both East and West, among male Germans aged 65+.International journal of public health · 2014Article
- Article
- Regional deprivation in Bavaria, Germany: linking a new deprivation score with registry data for lung and colorectal cancer.International journal of public health · 2012Article
- The wider determinants of inequalities in health: a decomposition analysis.International journal for equity in health · 2011Article
- A prospective cohort study of neighborhood stress and ischemic heart disease in Japan: a multilevel analysis using the JACC study data.BMC public health · 2011Article
- Geographical variation in cardiovascular incidence: results from the British Women's Heart and Health Study.BMC public health · 2010Article
- The impact of regional and neighbourhood deprivation on physical health in Germany: a multilevel study.BMC public health · 2010Article
- Signs of subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in relation to risk factor distribution in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study (HNR).European heart journal · 2008Article
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3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundSocioeconomic status is a predictor not only of mortality, but also of cardiovascular risk and morbidity. An ongoing debate in the field of social inequalities and health focuses on two questions: 1) Is individual health status associated with individual income as well as with income inequality at the aggregate (e. g. regional) level? 2) If there is such an association, does it operate via a psychosocial pathway (e.g. stress) or via a "neo-materialistic" pathway (e.g. systematic under-investment in societal infrastructures)? For the first time in Germany, we here investigate the association between cardiovascular health status and income inequality at the area level, controlling for individual socio-economic status.
methodsIndividual-level explanatory variables (age, socio-economic status) and outcome data (body mass index, blood pressure, cholesterol level) as well as the regional-level variable (proportion of relative poverty) were taken from the baseline survey of the German Cardiovascular Prevention Study, a cross-sectional, community-based, multi-center intervention study, comprising six socio-economically diverse intervention regions, each with about 1800 participants aged 25-69 years. Multilevel modeling was used to examine the effects of individual and regional level variables.
resultsRegional effects are small compared to individual effects for all risk factors analyzed. Most of the total variance is explained at the individual level. Only for diastolic blood pressure in men and for cholesterol in both men and women is a statistically significant effect visible at the regional level.
conclusionOur analysis does not support the assumption that in Germany cardiovascular risk factors were to a large extent associated with income inequality at regional level.
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