ReviewNeurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics2007
Positron emission tomography imaging of neuroinflammation.
Review in Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 135 citations in OpenAlex.
- Test-retest reproducibility of [(11)C]PBR28 binding to TSPO in healthy control subjects.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2016Trial
- Human biodistribution and radiation dosimetry of 11C-(R)-PK11195, the prototypic PET ligand to image inflammation.European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2010Trial
- Microglial reactivity predicts hippocampal, but not global, atrophy in cerebral small vessel disease.Alzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Neuroinflammation demonstrated byAlzheimer's & dementia : the journal of the Alzheimer's Association · 2026Article
- Obesity is associated with increased brain glucose uptake and activity but not neuroinflammation (TSPO availability) in monozygotic twin pairs discordant for BMI-Exercise training reverses increased brain activity.Diabetes, obesity & metabolism · 2025Article
- History of Microglia.Advances in neurobiology · 2024Article
- Healthy lifestyles and wellbeing reduce neuroinflammation and prevent neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2023Review
- Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors and Microglia as Therapeutic and Imaging Targets in Alzheimer's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Is cyclooxygenase-1 involved in neuroinflammation?Journal of neuroscience research · 2021Review
- The translocator protein (TSPO) is prodromal to mitophagy loss in neurotoxicity.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- Article
- The neuroinflammatory component of negative affect in patients with chronic pain.Molecular psychiatry · 2021Article
- [EJNMMI research · 2020Article
- In-vivo imaging of neuroinflammation in veterans with Gulf War illness.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2020Article
- Extra-Axial Inflammatory Signal in Parameninges in Migraine with Visual Aura.Annals of neurology · 2020Article
- The Dual Role of Microglia in the Progression of Alzheimer's Disease.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2020Article
- The Role of Inflammation after Surgery for Elders (RISE) study: Examination of [NeuroImage. Clinical · 2020Article
- Diet and Inflammation in Cognitive Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease.Current nutrition reports · 2019Review
- PET Imaging of Human Brown Adipose Tissue with the TSPO Tracer [Molecular imaging and biology · 2018Article
- Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2018Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
In the diseased brain, upon activation microglia express binding sites for synthetic ligands designed to recognize the 18-kDa translocator protein TP-18, which is part of the so-called peripheral benzodiazepine receptor complex. PK11195 [1-(2-chlorophenyl)-N-methyl-N-(1-methylpropyl)-3-isoquinoline carboxamide], the prototype synthetic ligand, has been widely used for the functional characterization of TP-18. Its cellular source in activated microglia has been established using high-resolution, single-cell autoradiography with the R-enantiomer [3H](R)-PK11195. Radiolabeled [11C](R)-PK11195 has been used to image active brain disease with positron emission tomography. Consistent with experimental and postmortem observations of a characteristically distributed pattern of microglia activation in areas of focal pathology, as well as in anterograde and retrograde projection areas, the in vivo regional [11C](R)-PK11195 signal is found in active focal lesions and over time also along the affected neural tracts and their respective cortical and subcortical projection areas. Thus, a profile of active disease emerges that matches some of the typical distribution patterns known from structural neuroimaging techniques, but additionally shows involvement of brain regions linked through neural pathways. In the context of cell-based in vivo neuropathology, the image data are thus best interpreted in the context of the emerging cellular understanding of brain disease or damage, rather than the definitions of clinical diagnosis. One important observation, borne out by experiment, is the long latency with which activated microglia or increased PK11195 retention appear to gradually emerge and remain in distal areas secondarily affected by disease, supporting speculations that the presence of activated microglia is an important corollary of brain plasticity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.