ArticleMolecular immunology2008
Modulation of Aire regulates the expression of tissue-restricted antigens.
Article in Molecular immunology, 2008. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 55 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
55 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between AIRE gene polymorphism and rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.Scientific reports · 2017Pooled it
- Altered expression of autoimmune regulator in infant down syndrome thymus, a possible contributor to an autoimmune phenotype.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2014Trial
- Impaired Aire-dependent IFN signaling in the thymus precedes the protective autoantibodies to IFNα.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- The Autoimmune Regulator (AIRE) Gene, The Master Activator of Self-Antigen Expression in the Thymus.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2025Review
- Analysis of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Insm1 regulates mTEC development and immune tolerance.Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Article
- The beta cell-immune cell interface in type 1 diabetes (T1D).Molecular metabolism · 2023Review
- Characterisation of APS-1 Experimental Models Is Crucial for Development of Novel Therapies.BioMed research international · 2023Article
- Human Fetal Liver Parenchyma CD71+ Cells Have AIRE and Tissue-Specific Antigen Gene Expression.Genes · 2022Article
- miR-155 exerts posttranscriptional control of autoimmune regulator (Aire) and tissue-restricted antigen genes in medullary thymic epithelial cells.BMC genomics · 2022Article
- Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Thymic Epithelial Cells and Generation of Thymic Organoids: Applications for Therapeutic Strategies Against APECED.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Thymus Extracellular Matrix-Derived Scaffolds Support Graft-Resident Thymopoiesis and Long-Term In Vitro Culture of Adult Thymic Epithelial Cells.Advanced functional materials · 2021Article
- Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Links to Inflammation: A Re-evaluation and New Medical Perspectives.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- AIRE deficiency, from preclinical models to human APECED disease.Disease models & mechanisms · 2021Review
- Autoimmune Regulator Gene Polymorphisms in Egyptian Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Patients: Preliminary Results.International journal of rheumatology · 2021Article
- Post-Aire Medullary Thymic Epithelial Cells and Hassall's Corpuscles as Inducers of Tonic Pro-Inflammatory Microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2021Article
- Tissue-Engineered Stromal Reticula to Study Lymph Node Fibroblastic Reticular Cells in Type I Diabetes.Cellular and molecular bioengineering · 2020Article
- Trefoil Factor Family (TFF) Peptides and Their Diverse Molecular Functions in Mucus Barrier Protection and More: Changing the Paradigm.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Tissue-specific autoimmunity controlled by Aire in thymic and peripheral tolerance mechanisms.International immunology · 2020Article
- AAV9-mediated AIRE gene delivery clears circulating antibodies and tissue T-cell infiltration in a mouse model of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type-1.Clinical & translational immunology · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Intrathymic expression of tissue-restricted antigens (TRAs) has been viewed as the key element in the induction of central tolerance and recently, a central role for the autoimmune regulator (Aire) has been suggested in this process. The aim of this study was to establish whether down or up-regulation of Aire leads to alterations in TRA expression and whether this is limited to thymic epithelial cells. This study also characterized whether TRAs follow Aire expression during normal development, and whether thymic microenvironment plays a role in the expression of Aire and TRAs. We did several in vivo and in vitro experiments to manipulate Aire expression and measured expression of four TRAs (Trefoil factor-3, Insulin-2, Major urinary protein-1 and Salivary protein-1) by real-time RT-PCR. Aire had an allele dose-dependent effect on TRA expression in the thymuses of mice from two strains, C57BL/6J and Balb/c, but had no effect on TRA expression in the lymph nodes. In the thymus, Aire and TRAs were both localized in the medulla and were co-expressed during normal development and involution. In the primary stromal cells as well as thymic epithelial cell line, the adenoviral over-expression of Aire resulted in an increase in TRA expression. By manipulating in vitro organ-cultures we showed that thymic microenvironment plays a dominant role in Aire expression whereas TRAs follow the same pattern. The data underline a direct role for Aire in TRA expression and suggest that modulation of Aire has a potential to control central tolerance and autoimmunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.