ArticleBMC immunology2007
Expression, processing and transcriptional regulation of granulysin in short-term activated human lymphocytes.
Article in BMC immunology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 20 citations in OpenAlex.
- Article
- Exhausted NK cells and cytokine storms in COVID-19: Whether NK cell therapy could be a therapeutic choice.Human immunology · 2022Review
- Immunological control of herpes simplex virus infections.Journal of neurovirology · 2013Review
- Cell death mechanisms at the maternal-fetal interface: insights into the role of granulysin.Clinical & developmental immunology · 2012Review
- Granulysin-expressing CD4+ T cells as candidate immune marker for tuberculosis during childhood and adolescence.PloS one · 2011Article
- Increased granulysin expression in peripheral blood cells of patients with primary biliary cirrhosis and its clinical implications.Journal of clinical immunology · 2008Article
- A phylogenetic approach to gene expression data: evidence for the evolutionary origin of mammalian leukocyte phenotypes.Evolution & developmentArticle
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundGranulysin, a cytotoxic protein expressed in human natural killer cells and activated T lymphocytes, exhibits cytolytic activity against a variety of intracellular microbes. Expression and transcription have been partially characterised in vitro and four transcripts (NKG5, 519, 520, and 522) were identified. However, only a single protein product of 15 kDa was found, which is subsequently processed to an active 9 kDa protein.
resultsIn this study we investigated generation of granulysin in lymphokine activated killer (LAK) cells and antigen (Listeria) specific T-cells. Semiquantitative RT-PCR revealed NKG5 to be the most prominent transcript. It was found to be up-regulated in a time-dependent manner in LAK cells and antigen specific T-cells and their subsets. Two isoforms of 519 mRNA were up-regulated under IL-2 and antigen stimulation. Moreover, two novel transcripts, without any known function, comprising solely parts of the 5 prime region of the primary transcript, were detected. A significant increase of granulysin expressing LAK cells as well as antigen specific T-cells was shown by fluorescence microscopy. On the subset level, increase in CD4+ granulysin expressing cells was found only under antigen stimulation. Immunoblotting showed the 15 kDa form of granulysin to be present in the first week of stimulation either with IL-2 or with bacterial antigen. Substantial processing to the 9 kDa form was detected during the first week in LAK cells and in the second week in antigen specific T-cells.
conclusionThis first comprehensive study of granulysin gene regulation in primary cultured human lymphocytes shows that the regulation of granulysin synthesis in response to IL-2 or bacterial antigen stimulation occurs at several levels: RNA expression, extensive alternative splicing and posttranslational processing.
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