ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2007
Retinol binding protein 4 expression in humans: relationship to insulin resistance, inflammation, and response to pioglitazone.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It reports registered trial NCT00108615. Cited by 93 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Effects of Insulin Sensitizers in Subjects With Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Who cites it
93 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Diagnostic value of retinol-binding protein 4 in diabetic nephropathy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2024Pooled it
- Effect of pioglitazone treatment on endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human adipose and in palmitate-induced stress in human liver and adipose cell lines.American journal of physiology. Endocrinology and metabolism · 2008Trial
- Retinol-binding protein 4 and insulin resistance in polycystic ovary syndrome.Diabetes care · 2008Trial
- Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Stress: A Historical Review.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026Review
- Retinol-binding protein 4 in cardiovascular diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic perspectives.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- The Potential Role of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Heart Failure: A Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2025Review
- Impact of Adipose Tissue and Lipids on Skeletal Muscle in Sarcopenia.Journal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2025Review
- Retinol binding protein 4 and type 2 diabetes: from insulin resistance to pancreatic β-cell function.Endocrine · 2024Review
- The role of novel adipokines in hepatocellular carcinoma progression: a mini review.American journal of cancer research · 2024Review
- Targeting Retinol-Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) in the Management of Cardiometabolic Diseases.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2023Review
- Significantly Reduced Retinol Binding Protein 4 (RBP4) Levels in Critically Ill COVID-19 Patients.Nutrients · 2022Observational
- Adipokines, Hepatokines and Myokines: Focus on Their Role and Molecular Mechanisms in Adipose Tissue Inflammation.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Review
- Adipokine Retinol Binding Protein 4 and Cardiovascular Diseases.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Increased Expression of Retinol-Binding Protein 4 in Ovarian Endometrioma and Its Possible Role in the Pathogenesis of Endometriosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
- Down-regulation of RBP4 indicates a poor prognosis and correlates with immune cell infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma.Bioscience reports · 2021Article
- Associations of persistent organic pollutants in human adipose tissue with retinoid levels and their relevance to the redox microenvironment.Environmental research · 2021Article
- Retinol binding protein 4 primes the NLRP3 inflammasome by signaling through Toll-like receptors 2 and 4.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- RBP4 increases lipolysis in human adipocytes and is associated with increased lipolysis and hepatic insulin resistance in obese women.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2020Article
- Retinol-binding protein 4, fetal overgrowth and fetal growth factors.Pediatric research · 2020Observational
- Adherence to the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet is associated with lower presence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle-aged and elderly adults.Public health nutrition · 2020Article
33 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextRetinol binding protein 4 (RBP4) was recently found to be expressed and secreted by adipose tissue, and was strongly associated with insulin resistance.
objectiveThe aim was to determine the relationship between RBP4 and obesity, insulin resistance, and other markers of insulin resistance in humans. DESIGN AND PATIENTS: RBP4 mRNA levels in adipose tissue and muscle of nondiabetic human subjects with either normal or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) were studied, along with plasma RBP4. RBP4 gene expression was also measured in adipose tissue fractions, and from visceral and sc adipose tissue (SAT) from surgical patients.
settingThe study was conducted at University Hospital and General Clinical Research Center.
interventionInsulin sensitivity (S(I)) was measured, and fat and muscle biopsies were performed. In IGT subjects, these procedures were performed before and after treatment with metformin or pioglitazone.
main outcome measuresThe relationship between RBP4 expression and obesity, S(I), adipose tissue inflammation, and intramyocellular lipid level, and response to insulin sensitizers was measured.
resultsRBP4 was expressed predominantly from the adipocyte fraction of SAT. Although SAT RBP4 expression and the plasma RBP4 level demonstrated no significant relationship with body mass index or S(I), there was a strong positive correlation between RBP4 mRNA and adipose inflammation (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 and CD68), and glucose transporter 4 mRNA. Treatment of IGT subjects with pioglitazone resulted in an increase in S(I) and an increase in RBP4 gene expression in both adipose tissue and muscle, but not in plasma RBP4 level, and the in vitro treatment of cultured adipocytes with pioglitazone yielded a similar increase in RBP4 mRNA.
conclusionsRBP4 gene expression in humans is associated with inflammatory markers, but not with insulin resistance. The increase in RBP4 mRNA after pioglitazone treatment is unusual, suggesting a complex regulation of this novel adipokine.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.