ArticleBMC structural biology2007
X-ray structures of Na-GST-1 and Na-GST-2 two glutathione S-transferase from the human hookworm Necator americanus.
Article in BMC structural biology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 47 citations in OpenAlex.
- Na-GST-1 adsorbed on Alhydrogel co-administered with different Toll-like receptor agonists in hookworm-naive adults using a controlled human infection model in the USA: a phase 2, double-blind, randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2026Trial
- Altering the intracellular trafficking of Necator americanus GST-1 antigen yields novel hookworm mRNA vaccine candidates.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2025Article
- A Journey in Science: Molecular vaccines for global child health in troubled times of anti-science.Molecular medicine (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2024Article
- Computer-aided identification of potential inhibitors againstInformatics in medicine unlocked · 2022Article
- The yin and yang of human soil-transmitted helminth infections.International journal for parasitology · 2021Review
- Twenty-five-year research progress in hookworm excretory/secretory products.Parasites & vectors · 2020Review
- A novel blood-feeding detoxification pathway in Nippostrongylus brasiliensis L3 reveals a potential checkpoint for arresting hookworm development.PLoS pathogens · 2018Article
- GlutathioneDrug design, development and therapy · 2018Review
- Safety and immunogenicity of the Na-GST-1 hookworm vaccine in Brazilian and American adults.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Article
- The hookworm Ancylostoma ceylanicum intestinal transcriptome provides a platform for selecting drug and vaccine candidates.Parasites & vectors · 2016Article
- The same or not the same: lineage-specific gene expansions and homology relationships in multigene families in nematodes.Journal of molecular evolution · 2015Article
- Structure of glutathione S-transferase 1 from the major human hookworm parasite Necator americanus (Na-GST-1) in complex with glutathione.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology communications · 2014Article
- Schistosoma mansoni venom allergen-like protein 4 (SmVAL4) is a novel lipid-binding SCP/TAPS protein that lacks the prototypical CAP motifs.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Biological crystallography · 2014Article
- Optimization and revision of the production process of the Necator americanus glutathione S-transferase 1 (Na-GST-1), the lead hookworm vaccine recombinant protein candidate.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Article
- Structure of monomeric Na-GST-3, a glutathione S-transferase from the major human hookworm parasite Necator americanus.Acta crystallographica. Section F, Structural biology and crystallization communications · 2013Article
- Differential activation of diverse glutathione transferases of Clonorchis sinensis in response to the host bile and oxidative stressors.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2013Article
- Roadmap to developing a recombinant coronavirus S protein receptor-binding domain vaccine for severe acute respiratory syndrome.Expert review of vaccines · 2012Article
- A history of hookworm vaccine development.Human vaccines · 2011Review
- Vaccines to combat the neglected tropical diseases.Immunological reviews · 2011Review
- Developing vaccines to combat hookworm infection and intestinal schistosomiasis.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2010Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundHuman hookworm infection is a major cause of anemia and malnutrition of adults and children in the developing world. As part of on-going efforts to control hookworm infection, The Human Hookworm Vaccine Initiative has identified candidate vaccine antigens from the infective L3 larval stages and adult stages of the parasite. Adult stage antigens include the cytosolic glutathione-S-transferases (GSTs). Nematode GSTs facilitate the inactivation and degradation of a variety of electrophilic substrates (drugs) via the nucleophilic addition of reduced glutathione. Parasite GSTs also play significant roles in multi-drug resistance and the modulation of host-immune defense mechanisms.
resultsThe crystal structures of Na-GST-1 and Na-GST-2, two major GSTs from Necator americanus the main human hookworm parasite, have been solved at the resolution limits of 2.4 A and 1.9 A respectively. The structure of Na-GST-1 was refined to R-factor 18.9% (R-free 28.3%) while that of Na-GST-2 was refined to R-factor 17.1% (R-free 21.7%). Glutathione usurped during the fermentation process in bound in the glutathione binding site (G-site) of each monomer of Na-GST-2. Na-GST-1 is uncomplexed and its G-site is abrogated by Gln 50. These first structures of human hookworm parasite GSTs could aid the design of novel hookworm drugs.
conclusionThe 3-dimensional structures of Na-GST-1 and Na-GST-2 show two views of human hookworm GSTs. While the GST-complex structure of Na-GST-2 reveals a typical GST G-site that of Na-GST-1 suggests that there is some conformational flexibility required in order to bind the substrate GST. In addition, the overall binding cavities for both are larger, more open, as well as more accessible to diverse ligands than those of GSTs from organisms that have other major detoxifying mechanisms. The results from this study could aid in the design of novel drugs and vaccine antigens.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.