Why most published research findings are false: author's reply to Goodman and Greenland.

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

Who cites it

27 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

1. Factors associated with health care provider performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Human resources for health · 2026
   Pooled it
2. "The wrong tools for the right job": a critical meta-analysis of traditional tests to assess behavioural impacts of maternal separation.Psychopharmacology · 2023
   Pooled it
3. Guiding principles for the care of older adults with multimorbidity: an approach for clinicians: American Geriatrics Society Expert Panel on the Care of Older Adults with Multimorbidity.Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · 2012
   Guideline
4. Caloric restriction improves glycemic control via the adiponectin-ceramide axis in non-obese men and women: the CALERIE™ 2 randomized controlled trial.Nature communications · 2026
   Trial
5. Operationalizing Precision Medicine in Drug Development: Predictive Biomarkers, Companion Diagnostics, and Regulatory Pathways.Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics · 2026
   Review
6. Maintenance therapy for chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024
   Review
7. The past, present and future of neuroscience data sharing: a perspective on the state of practices and infrastructure for FAIR.Frontiers in neuroinformatics · 2023
   Review
8. Is Neuroscience FAIR? A Call for Collaborative Standardisation of Neuroscience Data.Neuroinformatics · 2022
   Article
9. Quantitative MRI Harmonization to Maximize Clinical Impact: The RIN-Neuroimaging Network.Frontiers in neurology · 2022
   Article
10. A Critical Analysis of Intestinal Enteric Neuron Loss and Constipation in Parkinson's Disease.Journal of Parkinson's disease · 2022
    Review
11. New Advances in Tissue Metabolomics: A Review.Metabolites · 2021
    Review
12. Critical Analysis of Non-Thermal Plasma-Driven Modulation of Immune Cells from Clinical Perspective.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020
    Review
13. Leveraging preclinical models for the development of Alzheimer disease therapeutics.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2020
    Review
14. Institutional protocols for the oral administration (gavage) of chemicals and microscopic microbial communities to mice: Analytical consensus.Experimental biology and medicine (Maywood, N.J.) · 2019
    Review
15. A comparison of random-field-theory and false-discovery-rate inference results in the analysis of registered one-dimensional biomechanical datasets.PeerJ · 2019
    Article
16. Second edition of SIMPAR's "Feed Your Destiny" workshop: the role of lifestyle in improving pain management.Journal of pain research · 2018
    Review
17. HomeopathicJournal of traditional and complementary medicine · 2018
    Article
18. A central theory of biology.Medical hypotheses · 2015
    Article
19. I just ran a thousand analyses: benefits of multiple testing in understanding equivocal evidence on gene-environment interactions.PloS one · 2015
    Article
20. Temporal comorbidity of mental disorder and ulcerative colitis.The Permanente journal · 2015
    Article

Corrections and comments

• Comment on
  Why most published research findings are false: problems in the analysis.2007

Authors and funding

1 author.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

Abstract

PubMed holds no abstract for this paper.

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