ArticleJournal of molecular evolution2007
An Asian origin for subtype IV BK virus based on phylogenetic analysis.
Article in Journal of molecular evolution, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genetic Diversity of BK Polyomavirus Among Renal Transplant Recipients in Yunnan, China.Biochemical genetics · 2026Article
- The risk factors associated with post-transplantation BKPyV nephropathy and BKPyV DNAemia: a prospective study in kidney transplant recipients.BMC infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Genotypes and Variants of BKPyV in Organ Donors after Brain Death.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Genomic Mutations of BK Polyomavirus in Patients after Kidney Transplantation: A Cross-Sectional Study in Vietnam.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Article
- Human Polyomaviruses (HPyV) in Wastewater and Environmental Samples from the Lisbon Metropolitan Area: Detection and Genetic Characterization of Viral Structural Protein-Coding Sequences.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Review
- Article
- Article
- Source and Relevance of the BK Polyomavirus Genotype for Infection After Kidney Transplantation.Open forum infectious diseases · 2019Article
- Development and evaluation of a BK polyomavirus serotyping assay using Luminex technology.Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology · 2019Article
- The prevalence and isolated subtypes of BK polyomavirus reactivation among patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus-1 in southeastern China.Archives of virology · 2018Article
- BK Polyomavirus: Clinical Aspects, Immune Regulation, and Emerging Therapies.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2017Review
- A Simple and Reliable Strategy for BK Virus Subtyping and Subgrouping.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2017Article
- Molecular characterization of BK virus in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2016Article
- Phylogenetic reconstruction and polymorphism analysis of BK virus VP2 gene isolated from renal transplant recipients in China.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2015Article
- Prevalence and Distribution of BK virus Subtypes in Renal Transplant Recipients Referred to Golestan Hospital in Ahvaz, Iran.Jundishapur journal of microbiology · 2015Article
- Molecular characterization of BK and JC viruses circulating among potential kidney donors in Kuwait.BioMed research international · 2013Article
- Article
- VP-1 quasispecies in human infection with polyomavirus BK.Journal of medical virology · 2012Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Similarly to other members of the Polyomaviridae family, BK virus (BKV) is thought to have co-evolved with its human host. BKV has four subtypes that are distinguishable by immunological reactivity, with two (subtypes I and IV) being most prevalent in human populations. Subtype I is the major subtype worldwide, whereas subtype IV is prevalent in East Asia and Europe but rare in Africa. The geographic distribution pattern of subtype IV BKV is in apparent disagreement with the hypothesis that BKV co-evolved with humans, since subtype IV rarely occurs in Africa. To elucidate the origin of subtype IV, 53 complete subtype IV sequences derived from East Asians and Europeans were subjected to a detailed phylogenetic analysis using the maximum-likelihood and neighbor-joining methods. We identified six subgroups (a1, a2, b1, b2, c1, and c2) that formed a tree represented by the formula: "(a1, a2), ((b1, b2), (c1, c2))." Interestingly, we found a close correlation between subtype IV subgroups and population geography; thus, all subgroups except c2 were prevalent in particular East Asian populations, with c2 occurring in both Europe and Northeast Asia. From these findings, we conclude that subtype IV of BKV now prevalent in modern humans is derived from a virus that infected ancestral Asians. We introduce two hypotheses to explain how ancestral Asians became infected with subtype IV BKV.
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