ArticleInfection and immunity2007
Protease-activated receptor 2 mediates human beta-defensin 2 and CC chemokine ligand 20 mRNA expression in response to proteases secreted by Porphyromonas gingivalis.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 26 papers.
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Who cites it
26 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- History-dependent switch-like differentiation of keratinocytes in response to skin barrier damage.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- The human oral virome: Shedding light on the dark matter.Periodontology 2000 · 2021Review
- Proteinases and their receptors in inflammatory arthritis: an overview.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2018Review
- Fusobacterium nucleatum infection of gingival epithelial cells leads to NLRP3 inflammasome-dependent secretion of IL-1β and the danger signals ASC and HMGB1.Cellular microbiology · 2016Article
- Porphyromonas gingivalis Gingipain-Dependently Enhances IL-33 Production in Human Gingival Epithelial Cells.PloS one · 2016Article
- Genotype-specific regulation of oral innate immunity by T2R38 taste receptor.Molecular immunology · 2015Article
- Modulation of protease-activated receptor expression by Porphyromonas gingivalis in human gingival epithelial cells.BMC oral health · 2015Article
- Involvement of protease-activated receptor 4 in over-expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2015Article
- Effect of growth factors on antimicrobial peptides and pro-inflammatory mediators during wound healing.Clinical oral investigations · 2015Article
- Risk factor-dependent dynamics of atopic dermatitis: modelling multi-scale regulation of epithelium homeostasis.Interface focus · 2013Article
- Role of cockroach proteases in allergic disease.Current allergy and asthma reports · 2012Review
- Protease-activated receptor 2 signaling in inflammation.Seminars in immunopathology · 2012Review
- Epigenetic regulation of human β-defensin 2 and CC chemokine ligand 20 expression in gingival epithelial cells in response to oral bacteria.Mucosal immunology · 2011Article
- Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm and Planktonic cultures differentially impact gene expression, mapk phosphorylation, and cytokine production in human keratinocytes.BMC microbiology · 2011Article
- Effects of fruit and vegetable low molecular mass fractions on gene expression in gingival cells challenged with Prevotella intermedia and Actinomyces naeslundii.Journal of biomedicine & biotechnology · 2011Article
- Protease-activated receptor-2 mediates the expression of inflammatory cytokines, antimicrobial peptides, and matrix metalloproteinases in keratinocytes in response to Propionibacterium acnes.Archives of dermatological research · 2010Article
- Fusobacterium nucleatum-associated beta-defensin inducer (FAD-I): identification, isolation, and functional evaluation.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2010Article
- PAR1- and PAR2-induced innate immune markers are negatively regulated by PI3K/Akt signaling pathway in oral keratinocytes.BMC immunology · 2010Article
- Dichotomy of gingipains action as virulence factors: from cleaving substrates with the precision of a surgeon's knife to a meat chopper-like brutal degradation of proteins.Periodontology 2000 · 2010Review
- Phospholipase C, p38/MAPK, and NF-kappaB-mediated induction of MIP-3alpha/CCL20 by Porphyromonas gingivalis.Innate immunity · 2010Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis secretes proteases such as Arg-gingipain B (RgpB) that activate protease-activated receptors (PARs). Human beta-defensins (hBDs) and the macrophage inflammatory protein 3alpha/CC chemokine ligand 20 (CCL20) produced by epithelial cells are antimicrobial peptides that provide cytokine function and play an important role in innate immunity. The aim of the present study was to determine whether specific members of the PAR family mediate the expression of these innate immunity markers in gingival epithelial cells (GECs) when exposed to P. gingivalis cell-free culture supernatant or purified RgpB. hBD-2 mRNA in GECs was induced in response to supernatant and purified RgpB from P. gingivalis (P = 0.02 and P = 0.016, respectively). This effect was abrogated by the protease inhibitor tosyl-l-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) (P < 0.05). In response to P. gingivalis supernatant and to purified RgpB, the hBD-2 mRNA expression was significantly decreased in PAR-2 gene knockdown cells, whereas no change was detected in PAR-1 gene knockdown cells. CCL20 mRNA expression also increased in response to the supernatant of P. gingivalis, and this effect was blocked by the protease inhibitor, TLCK (P = 0.05 and P = 0.024, respectively), and was blocked in PAR-2 gene knockdown cells. Our data indicate that hBD-2 and CCL20 mRNA up-regulation by P. gingivalis supernatant and purified RgpB was mediated via PAR-2, but not via PAR-1, and that proteases play a role in the regulation of innate immune responses in GECs. GECs use PARs to recognize P. gingivalis and mediate cell responses involved in innate immunity.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.