ArticleEnvironmental health perspectives2007
Concentrations of urinary phthalate metabolites are associated with increased waist circumference and insulin resistance in adult U.S. males.
Article in Environmental health perspectives, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT02284477 (Associations of Exposure to Phthalates With Insulin Resistance and Epigenetic Change), which is not on this map. Cited by 230 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Associations of Exposure to Phthalates With Insulin Resistance and Epigenetic Change
Who cites it
230 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 639 citations in OpenAlex.
- Association between phthalate exposure and insulin resistance: a systematic review and meta-analysis update.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2021Pooled it
- Exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals and anthropometric measures of obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMJ open · 2020Pooled it
- Phthalate exposure and metabolic effects: a systematic review of the human epidemiological evidence.Environment international · 2019Pooled it
- Systematic review and meta-analysis on the association between phthalates exposure and insulin resistance.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2019Pooled it
- Maternal exposure to di-2-ethylhexylphthalate and adverse delivery outcomes: A systematic review.Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) · 2016Pooled it
- Bisphenol A exposure and associations with obesity among adults: a critical review.Public health nutrition · 2015Pooled it
- Environmental chemicals and type 2 diabetes: an updated systematic review of the epidemiologic evidence.Current diabetes reports · 2013Pooled it
- Role of environmental chemicals in obesity: a systematic review on the current evidence.Journal of environmental and public health · 2013Pooled it
- Low-plastic diet and urinary levels of plastic-associated phthalates and bisphenols: the randomized controlled PERTH Trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Measurement of urinary biomarkers of parabens, benzophenone-3, and phthalates in a Belgian population.BioMed research international · 2014Trial
- Microplastics and Nanoplastics in Food: Dietary Toxicology Beyond Particle Counts.Comprehensive reviews in food science and food safety · 2026Review
- Age-Specific Association Between Urinary Phthalate Metabolites and Diabetes Mellitus: Findings from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020).Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Evaluation of Plasticiser Levels, Phthalates and Bisphenols in Bahraini Subjects with and Without Type-2 Diabetes.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Assessment of water pollution and environmental impacts in the Pineios river basin before and after extreme flood events in Thessaly, Greece.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2025Article
- Early-Life Exposure to Organic Chemical Pollutants as Assessed in Primary Teeth and Cardiometabolic Risk in Mexican American Children: A Pilot Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Phthalate Metabolites and Their Relationship with Abdominal and General Obesity: Evidence from the Aragon Workers' Health Study (AWHS).Nutrients · 2025Article
- Chronic Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Tetrabromobisphenol A Disrupts Insulin and Lipid Homeostasis in Diet-Induced Obese Mice.Environmental science & technology · 2025Article
- LOW-RANK LONGITUDINAL FACTOR REGRESSION WITH APPLICATION TO CHEMICAL MIXTURES.The annals of applied statistics · 2025Article
- The fungicide propiconazole induces hepatic steatosis and activates PXR in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity.Archives of toxicology · 2025Article
- Hepatoprotective effect of royal jelly on dibutyl phthalate-induced liver injury in rats.Veterinary research forum : an international quarterly journal · 2025Article
170 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundPhthalates impair rodent testicular function and have been associated with anti-androgenic effects in humans, including decreased testosterone levels. Low testosterone in adult human males has been associated with increased prevalence of obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes.
objectivesOur objective in this study was to investigate phthalate exposure and its associations with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance.
methodsSubjects were adult U.S. male participants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2002. We modeled six phthalate metabolites with prevalent exposure and known or suspected antiandrogenic activity as predictors of waist circumference and log-transformed homeostatic model assessment (HOMA; a measure of insulin resistance) using multiple linear regression, adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, fat and total calorie consumption, physical activity level, serum cotinine, and urine creatinine (model 1); and adjusted for model 1 covariates plus measures of renal and hepatic function (model 2). Metabolites were mono-butyl phthalates (MBP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-(2-ethyl)-hexyl phthalate (MEHP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP), mono-(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl) phthalate (MEHHP), and mono-(2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl) phthalate (MEOHP).
resultsIn model 1, four metabolites were associated with increased waist circumference (MBzP, MEHHP, MEOHP, and MEP; p-values </= 0.013) and three with increased HOMA (MBP, MBzP, and MEP; p-values </= 0.011). When we also adjusted for renal and hepatic function, parameter estimates declined but all significant results remained so except HOMA-MBP.
conclusionsIn this national cross-section of U.S. men, concentrations of several prevalent phthalate metabolites showed statistically significant correlations with abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. If confirmed by longitudinal studies, our findings would suggest that exposure to these phthalates may contribute to the population burden of obesity, insulin resistance, and related clinical disorders.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.