ArticleJournal of virology2007
Cytokine and antibody responses in gnotobiotic pigs after infection with human norovirus genogroup II.4 (HS66 strain).
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 89 citations in OpenAlex.
- Probiotic stool secretory immunoglobulin A modulation in children with gastroenteritis: a randomized clinical trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Vitamin A modifies the intestinal chemokine and cytokine responses to norovirus infection in Mexican children.The Journal of nutrition · 2011Trial
- Immunogenicity of Virus-like Particles Based on VP1 Protein of Bovine Norovirus.Veterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Nucleic Acid Aptamers for Human Norovirus GII.4 and GII.17 Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) Exhibit Specific Binding and Inhibit VLPs from Entering Cells.International journal of nanomedicine · 2025Article
- Virus Shedding and Diarrhea: A Review of Human Norovirus Genogroup II Infection in Gnotobiotic Pigs.Viruses · 2024Review
- Swine Norovirus: Past, Present, and Future.Viruses · 2022Review
- Zoonotic and reverse zoonotic transmission of viruses between humans and pigs.APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica · 2021Review
- Interferon responses to norovirus infections: current and future perspectives.The Journal of general virology · 2021Review
- Targeted Profiling of Immunological Genes during Norovirus Replication in Human Intestinal Enteroids.Viruses · 2021Article
- Article
- Human Norovirus NTPase Antagonizes Interferon-β Production by Interacting With IkB Kinase ε.Frontiers in microbiology · 2021Article
- Human Norovirus Proteins: Implications in the Replicative Cycle, Pathogenesis, and the Host Immune Response.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Emergence of norovirus strains: A tale of two genes.Virus evolution · 2019Review
- Animals as Reservoir for Human Norovirus.Viruses · 2019Review
- Plasma therapy leads to an increase in functional IgA and IgM concentration in the blood and saliva of a patient with X-linked agammaglobulinemia.Journal of translational medicine · 2019Article
- Human Norovirus: Experimental Models of Infection.Viruses · 2019Review
- Prophylactic efficacy of orally administered Bacillus poly-γ-glutamic acid, a non-LPS TLR4 ligand, against norovirus infection in mice.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Replication of Human Norovirus RNA in Mammalian Cells Reveals Lack of Interferon Response.Journal of virology · 2016Article
- Silicon Dioxide Impedes Antiviral Response and Causes Genotoxic Insult During Calicivirus Replication.Journal of nanoscience and nanotechnology · 2016Article
- Human norovirus infection and the acute serum cytokine response.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
A human norovirus genogroup II.4 strain HS66 (HuNoV-HS66) infects and causes mild diarrhea in gnotobiotic (Gn) pigs (S. Cheetham, M. Souza, T. Meulia, S. Grimes, M. G. Han, and L. J. Saif, J. Virol. 80:10372-10381, 2006). In this study we evaluated systemic and intestinal humoral and cellular immune responses to HuNoV-HS66 in orally inoculated pigs. Antibodies and type I interferon (IFN-I or IFN-alpha), proinflammatory interleukin-6 (IL-6), Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma), Th2 (IL-4), and Th2/regulatory T ([T(reg)] IL-10) cytokine profiles in serum and intestinal contents (IC) of the HuNoV-HS66-inoculated pigs and controls were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at selected postinoculation days (0 to 28). Using an enzyme-linked immunospot assay, we evaluated immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, and IgG antibody-secreting cells (ASC) and cytokine-secreting cells (CSC) in intestine, spleen, and blood. In the HuNoV-inoculated pigs, antibody titers in serum and IC were generally low, and 65% seroconverted. Pigs with higher diarrhea scores were more likely to seroconvert and developed higher intestinal IgA and IgG antibody titers. The numbers of IgA and IgG ASC were higher systemically than in the gut. In serum, HuNoV induced persistently higher Th1 (low transient IFN-gamma and high IL-12) than the other cytokines, but also low Th2 (IL-4) and Th2/T(reg) (IL-10) levels; low, transient proinflammatory (IL-6) cytokines; and, notably, a delayed IFN-alpha response. In contrast, intestinal innate (IFN-alpha early and late) and Th1 (IL-12 late) cytokines were significantly elevated postinfection. HuNoV-HS66 also elicited higher numbers of Th1 (IL-12 and IFN-gamma) CSC than Th2 (IL-4) and proinflammatory (IL-6) CSC, with the latter responses low in blood and intestine, reflecting low intestinal inflammation in the absence of gut lesions. These data provide insights into the kinetics of cytokine secretion in serum and IC of HuNoV-inoculated Gn pigs and new information on intestinal humoral and cellular immune responses to HuNoV that are difficult to assess in human volunteers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.