ArticleVirology2007
A comparative immunogenicity study of HIV-1 virus-like particles bearing various forms of envelope proteins, particles bearing no envelope and soluble monomeric gp120.
Article in Virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 90 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
90 citing papers in PubMed, 124 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comprehensive analysis of gp120 glycosylation to explore differences between transmitter/founder and chronic HIV-1 isolates.Glycobiology · 2026Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Antigen Delivery: Advancing Immunization Strategies against Infectious Pathogens.Biomaterials research · 2026Review
- Inducible cell lines producing replication-defective human immunodeficiency virus particles containing envelope glycoproteins stabilized in a pretriggered conformation.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- Nanoadjuvants: Promising Bioinspired and Biomimetic Approaches in Vaccine Innovation.ACS omega · 2023Review
- Impact of stabilizing mutations on the antigenic profile and glycosylation of membrane-expressed HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Characterization of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) Envelope Glycoprotein Conformational States on Infectious Virus Particles.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- A Hydrodynamic Approach to the Study of HIV Virus-Like Particle (VLP) Tangential Flow Filtration.Membranes · 2022Article
- Potent Induction of Envelope-Specific Antibody Responses by Virus-Like Particle Immunogens Based on HIV-1 Envelopes from Patients with Early Broadly Neutralizing Responses.Journal of virology · 2022Article
- Engineering well-expressed, V2-immunofocusing HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein membrane trimers for use in heterologous prime-boost vaccine regimens.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Membrane Env Liposomes Facilitate Immunization with Multivalent Full-Length HIV Spikes.Journal of virology · 2021Article
- Immunogenicity of HIV-1-Based Virus-Like Particles with Increased Incorporation and Stability of Membrane-Bound Env.Vaccines · 2021Article
- Advances and Perspectives in the Use of Carbon Nanotubes in Vaccine Development.International journal of nanomedicine · 2021Review
- Env Exceptionalism: Why Are HIV-1 Env Glycoproteins Atypical Immunogens?Cell host & microbe · 2020Review
- Design Concepts of Virus-Like Particle-Based HIV-1 Vaccines.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Review
- Facile autofluorescence suppression enabling tracking of single viruses in live cells.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2019Article
- Strategies for inducing effective neutralizing antibody responses against HIV-1.Expert review of vaccines · 2019Review
- Monoclonal Antibody 2C6 Targets a Cross-Clade Conformational Epitope in gp41 with Highly Active Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Presentation of HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein trimers on diverse nanoparticle platforms.Current opinion in HIV and AIDS · 2019Review
- HIV-1-based Virus-like Particles that Morphologically Resemble Mature, Infectious HIV-1 Virions.Viruses · 2019Article
- Production and Immunogenicity of Soluble Plant-Produced HIV-1 Subtype C Envelope gp140 Immunogens.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
30 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
14 authors at 8 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
To assess the potential of native Envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimers as neutralizing antibody vaccines, we immunized guinea pigs with three types of VLPs and soluble gp120. Particles included "SOS-VLPs" (bearing disulfide-shackled functional trimers), "UNC-VLPs" (bearing uncleaved nonfunctional Env) and "naked VLPs" (bearing no Env). The SOS-VLPs were found to have a density of about 27 native trimers per particle, approximately twice that of live inactivated HIV-1 preparations. As immunogens, UNC- and SOS-VLP rapidly elicited anti-gp120 antibodies focused on the V3 loop and the gp120 coreceptor binding site. Reactivity to the gp41 immunodominant domain was absent in SOS-VLP sera, presumably because gp120-gp41 association is stabilized, effectively covering this epitope. Gp120-immune sera reacted with the receptor binding sites of gp120 and were less focused on the V3 loop. Some Env-VLP sera neutralized primary isolates at modest titers. The measurement of neutralization was found to be affected by the cell lines used. Depending on the assay particulars, non-Env specific antibodies in VLP sera could enhance infection, or nonspecifically neutralize. However, a neutralization assay using TZM-BL cells was essentially clear of these effects. We also describe a native trimer binding assay to confirm neutralization activity in a manner that completely eliminates nonspecific effects. Overall, our data suggests that Env-VLP sera were primarily focused on nonfunctional forms of Env on VLP surfaces, possibly gp120/gp41 monomers and not the trimers. Therefore, to make progress toward a more effective VLP-based vaccine, we will need to find ways to refocus the attention of B cells on native trimers.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.