ArticlePharmaceutical research2007
Alginate/chitosan nanoparticles are effective for oral insulin delivery.
Article in Pharmaceutical research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 609 citations in OpenAlex.
- Plant- and Microalgae-Based Biotechnological Strategies for Affordable and Non-Invasive Delivery of Antidiabetic Peptides.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Strategic Approaches for Overcoming Peptide and Protein Drug Limitations.The protein journal · 2026Review
- Sub-15 nm Nanoparticles for Drug Delivery: Emerging Frontiers and Therapeutic Potential.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Biomolecule-Based Coacervation: Mechanisms, Applications, and Future Perspectives in Biomedical and Biotechnological Fields.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Microcycle Conidia Production in an Entomopathogenic FungusMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Preparation of pH-Responsive Tanshinone IIA-Loaded Calcium Alginate Nanoparticles and Their Anticancer Mechanisms.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Revolutionizing Diabetes Treatment with Insulin-loaded Nanoparticles.Mini reviews in medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Pulmonary delivery of insulin by dry powder inhaler formulations.Iranian journal of basic medical sciences · 2025Article
- A Review of Chitosan-Based Materials for Biomedical, Food, and Water Treatment Applications.Materials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Chitosan Alginate Nanoparticles of Protein Hydrolysate fromPharmaceutics · 2024Article
- Effect of Molecules' Physicochemical Properties on Whey Protein/Alginate Hydrogel Rheology, Microstructure and Release Profile.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- A Comprehensive Review on Prospects of Polymeric Nanoparticles for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Receptors-Ligands,Recent patents on nanotechnology · 2024Review
- Formulation and Evaluation of Insulin-Loaded Sodium-Alginate Microparticles for Oral Administration.Pharmaceutics · 2023Article
- Emerging Polymer-Based Nanosystem Strategies in the Delivery of Antifungal Drugs.Pharmaceutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Sustained release of valproic acid loaded on chitosan nanoparticles within hybrid of alginate/chitosan hydrogel with/without stem cells in regeneration of spinal cord injury.Progress in biomaterials · 2023Article
- Controlled and Targeted Drug Delivery Using Smart Nanovectors.International journal of drug discovery and pharmacology · 2023Article
- Preparation and Evaluation of Modified Chitosan Nanoparticles Using Anionic Sodium Alginate Polymer for Treatment of Ocular Disease.Pharmaceutics · 2022Article
- Article
- Sodium Alginate-Natural Microencapsulation Material of Polymeric Microparticles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo evaluate the pharmacological activity of insulin-loaded alginate/chitosan nanoparticles following oral dosage in diabetic rats.
methodsNanoparticles were prepared by ionotropic pre-gelation of an alginate core followed by chitosan polyelectrolyte complexation. In vivo activity was evaluated by measuring the decrease in blood glucose concentrations in streptozotocin induced, diabetic rats after oral administration and flourescein (FITC)-labelled insulin tracked by confocal microscopy.
resultsNanoparticles were negatively charged and had a mean size of 750 nm, suitable for uptake within the gastrointestinal tract due to their nanosize range and mucoadhesive properties. The insulin association efficiency was over 70% and insulin was released in a pH-dependent manner under simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Orally delivered nanoparticles lowered basal serum glucose levels by more than 40% with 50 and 100 IU/kg doses sustaining hypoglycemia for over 18 h. Pharmacological availability was 6.8 and 3.4% for the 50 and 100 IU/kg doses respectively, a significant increase over 1.6%, determined for oral insulin alone in solution and over other related studies at the same dose levels. Confocal microscopic examinations of FITC-labelled insulin nanoparticles showed clear adhesion to rat intestinal epithelium, and internalization of insulin within the intestinal mucosa.
conclusionThe results indicate that the encapsulation of insulin into mucoadhesive nanoparticles was a key factor in the improvement of its oral absorption and oral bioactivity.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.