ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Rice-based mucosal vaccine as a global strategy for cold-chain- and needle-free vaccination.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 105 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 332 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enhanced Seed Protein Yield in Hydroponically Grown Rice via Silica Hydrogel Application.Plants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Review
- Evaluation of Rice Traits Containing H9N2 Subtype Avian Influenza HA Protein Before Commercialization.Current issues in molecular biology · 2025Article
- Article
- The challenges of co-extraction of animal and plant proteins from transgenic plants for use in food and feed.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
- Recent development of oral vaccines (Review).Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2024Review
- MucoRice-CTB line 19A, a new marker-free transgenic rice-based cholera vaccine produced in an LED-based hydroponic system.Frontiers in plant science · 2024Article
- Review
- Tomato-made edible COVID-19 vaccine TOMAVAC induces neutralizing IgGs in the blood sera of mice and humans.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Energy-efficient production of vaccine protein against porcine edema disease from transgenic lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.).Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Emerging trends of edible vaccine therapy for combating human diseases especially COVID-19: Pros, cons, and future challenges.Phytotherapy research : PTR · 2022Review
- Development of spirulina for the manufacture and oral delivery of protein therapeutics.Nature biotechnology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of protein production in rice seedlings under dark conditions.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Improving Protein Quantity and Quality-The Next Level of Plant Molecular Farming.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Engineering of Plants for Efficient Production of Therapeutics.Molecular biotechnology · 2021Review
- Mucosal vaccines: wisdom from now and then.International immunology · 2021Review
- Shiga toxin 2eB-transgenic lettuce vaccine: N-glycosylation is important for protecting against porcine edema disease.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2021Article
- Comparative whole-genome and proteomics analyses of the next seed bank and the original master seed bank of MucoRice-CTB 51A line, a rice-based oral cholera vaccine.BMC genomics · 2021Article
- Development of Antibody-Fragment-Producing Rice for Neutralization of Human Norovirus.Frontiers in plant science · 2021Article
- A cross talk between the immunization and edible vaccine: Current challenges and future prospects.Life sciences · 2020Review
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
14 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Capable of inducing antigen-specific immune responses in both systemic and mucosal compartments without the use of syringe and needle, mucosal vaccination is considered ideal for the global control of infectious diseases. In this study, we developed a rice-based oral vaccine expressing cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) under the control of the endosperm-specific expression promoter 2.3-kb glutelin GluB-1 with codon usage optimization for expression in rice seed. An average of 30 mug of CTB per seed was stored in the protein bodies, which are storage organelles in rice. When mucosally fed, rice seeds expressing CTB were taken up by the M cells covering the Peyer's patches and induced CTB-specific serum IgG and mucosal IgA antibodies with neutralizing activity. When expressed in rice, CTB was protected from pepsin digestion in vitro. Rice-expressed CTB also remained stable and thus maintained immunogenicity at room temperature for >1.5 years, meaning that antigen-specific mucosal immune responses were induced at much lower doses than were necessary with purified recombinant CTB. Because they require neither refrigeration (cold-chain management) nor a needle, these rice-based mucosal vaccines offer a highly practical and cost-effective strategy for orally vaccinating large populations against mucosal infections, including those that may result from an act of bioterrorism.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.