Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17571346›Full record

ArticleNature2007

Identification and analysis of functional elements in 1% of the human genome by the ENCODE pilot project.

ENCODE Project Consortium, Ewan Birney, John A Stamatoyannopoulos, Anindya Dutta, Roderic Guigó, Thomas R Gingeras, Elliott H Margulies, Zhiping Weng, Michael Snyder, Emmanouil T Dermitzakis and 309 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Nature, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2,787 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2,787citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2,787 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Impact ofJournal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2026
    Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. The Encyclopedia of DNA Elements.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  11. Pervasive cryptic selection in the human noncoding genome.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. eLife · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Review

2,727 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

319 authors.

ENCODE Project Consortium
Ewan Birney
John A Stamatoyannopoulos
Anindya Dutta
Roderic Guigó
Thomas R Gingeras
Elliott H Margulies
Zhiping Weng
Michael Snyder
Emmanouil T Dermitzakis
Robert E Thurman
Michael S Kuehn
Christopher M Taylor
Shane Neph
Christoph M Koch
Saurabh Asthana
Ankit Malhotra
Ivan Adzhubei
Jason A Greenbaum
Robert M Andrews
Paul Flicek
Patrick J Boyle
Hua Cao
Nigel P Carter
Gayle K Clelland
Sean Davis
Nathan Day
Pawandeep Dhami
Shane C Dillon
Michael O Dorschner
Heike Fiegler
Paul G Giresi
Jeff Goldy
Michael Hawrylycz
Andrew Haydock
Richard Humbert
Keith D James
Brett E Johnson
Ericka M Johnson
Tristan T Frum
Elizabeth R Rosenzweig
Neerja Karnani
Kirsten Lee
Gregory C Lefebvre
Patrick A Navas
Fidencio Neri
Stephen C J Parker
Peter J Sabo
Richard Sandstrom
Anthony Shafer
David Vetrie
Molly Weaver
Sarah Wilcox
Man Yu
Francis S Collins
Job Dekker
Jason D Lieb
Thomas D Tullius
Gregory E Crawford
Shamil Sunyaev
William S Noble
Ian Dunham
France Denoeud
Alexandre Reymond
Philipp Kapranov
Joel Rozowsky
Deyou Zheng
Robert Castelo
Adam Frankish
Jennifer Harrow
Srinka Ghosh
Albin Sandelin
Ivo L Hofacker
Robert Baertsch
Damian Keefe
Sujit Dike
Jill Cheng
Heather A Hirsch
Edward A Sekinger
Julien Lagarde
Josep F Abril
Atif Shahab
Christoph Flamm
Claudia Fried
Jörg Hackermüller
Jana Hertel
Manja Lindemeyer
Kristin Missal
Andrea Tanzer
Stefan Washietl
Jan Korbel
Olof Emanuelsson
Jakob S Pedersen
Nancy Holroyd
Ruth Taylor
David Swarbreck
Nicholas Matthews
Mark C Dickson
Daryl J Thomas
Matthew T Weirauch
James Gilbert
Jorg Drenkow
Ian Bell
XiaoDong Zhao
K G Srinivasan
Wing-Kin Sung
Hong Sain Ooi
Kuo Ping Chiu
Sylvain Foissac
Tyler Alioto
Michael Brent
Lior Pachter
Michael L Tress
Alfonso Valencia
Siew Woh Choo
Chiou Yu Choo
Catherine Ucla
Caroline Manzano
Carine Wyss
Evelyn Cheung
Taane G Clark
James B Brown
Madhavan Ganesh
Sandeep Patel
Hari Tammana
Jacqueline Chrast
Charlotte N Henrichsen
Chikatoshi Kai
Jun Kawai
Ugrappa Nagalakshmi
Jiaqian Wu
Zheng Lian
Jin Lian
Peter Newburger
Xueqing Zhang
Peter Bickel
John S Mattick
Piero Carninci
Yoshihide Hayashizaki
Sherman Weissman
Tim Hubbard
Richard M Myers
Jane Rogers
Peter F Stadler
Todd M Lowe
Chia-Lin Wei
Yijun Ruan
Kevin Struhl
Mark Gerstein
Stylianos E Antonarakis
Yutao Fu
Eric D Green
Ulaş Karaöz
Adam Siepel
James Taylor
Laura A Liefer
Kris A Wetterstrand
Peter J Good
Elise A Feingold
Mark S Guyer
Gregory M Cooper
George Asimenos
Colin N Dewey
Minmei Hou
Sergey Nikolaev
Juan I Montoya-Burgos
Ari Löytynoja
Simon Whelan
Fabio Pardi
Tim Massingham
Haiyan Huang
Nancy R Zhang
Ian Holmes
James C Mullikin
Abel Ureta-Vidal
Benedict Paten
Michael Seringhaus
Deanna Church
Kate Rosenbloom
W James Kent
Eric A Stone
NISC Comparative Sequencing Program
Baylor College of Medicine Human Genome Sequencing Center
Washington University Genome Sequencing Center
Broad Institute
Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute
Serafim Batzoglou
Nick Goldman
Ross C Hardison
David Haussler
Webb Miller
Arend Sidow
Nathan D Trinklein
Zhengdong D Zhang
Leah Barrera
Rhona Stuart
David C King
Adam Ameur
Stefan Enroth
Mark C Bieda
Jonghwan Kim
Akshay A Bhinge
Nan Jiang
Jun Liu
Fei Yao
Vinsensius B Vega
Charlie W H Lee
Patrick Ng
Atif Shahab
Annie Yang
Zarmik Moqtaderi
Zhou Zhu
Xiaoqin Xu
Sharon Squazzo
Matthew J Oberley
David Inman
Michael A Singer
Todd A Richmond
Kyle J Munn
Alvaro Rada-Iglesias
Ola Wallerman
Jan Komorowski
Joanna C Fowler
Phillippe Couttet
Alexander W Bruce
Oliver M Dovey
Peter D Ellis
Cordelia F Langford
David A Nix
Ghia Euskirchen
Stephen Hartman
Alexander E Urban
Peter Kraus
Sara Van Calcar
Nate Heintzman
Tae Hoon Kim
Kun Wang
Chunxu Qu
Gary Hon
Rosa Luna
Christopher K Glass
M Geoff Rosenfeld
Shelley Force Aldred
Sara J Cooper
Anason Halees
Jane M Lin
Hennady P Shulha
Xiaoling Zhang
Mousheng Xu
Jaafar N S Haidar
Yong Yu
Yijun Ruan
Vishwanath R Iyer
Roland D Green
Claes Wadelius
Peggy J Farnham
Bing Ren
Rachel A Harte
Angie S Hinrichs
Heather Trumbower
Hiram Clawson
Jennifer Hillman-Jackson
Ann S Zweig
Kayla Smith
Archana Thakkapallayil
Galt Barber
Robert M Kuhn
Donna Karolchik
Lluis Armengol
Christine P Bird
Paul I W de Bakker
Andrew D Kern
Nuria Lopez-Bigas
Joel D Martin
Barbara E Stranger
Abigail Woodroffe
Eugene Davydov
Antigone Dimas
Eduardo Eyras
Ingileif B Hallgrímsdóttir
Julian Huppert
Michael C Zody
Gonçalo R Abecasis
Xavier Estivill
Gerard G Bouffard
Xiaobin Guan
Nancy F Hansen
Jacquelyn R Idol
Valerie V B Maduro
Baishali Maskeri
Jennifer C McDowell
Morgan Park
Pamela J Thomas
Alice C Young
Robert W Blakesley
Donna M Muzny
Erica Sodergren
David A Wheeler
Kim C Worley
Huaiyang Jiang
George M Weinstock
Richard A Gibbs
Tina Graves
Robert Fulton
Elaine R Mardis
Richard K Wilson
Michele Clamp
James Cuff
Sante Gnerre
David B Jaffe
Jean L Chang
Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
Eric S Lander
Maxim Koriabine
Mikhail Nefedov
Kazutoyo Osoegawa
Yuko Yoshinaga
Baoli Zhu
Pieter J de Jong

Funding

Large Scale Sequencing and Analysis of GenomesU54HG003067 · NHGRI · MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY · PI GABRIEL, STACEY, LANDER, ERIC S · 2004 to 2015
$568.6M
Large Scale Genome SequencingU54HG003079 · NHGRI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI DUTCHER, SUSAN K · 2004 to 2016
$445.7M
The Human Genome Sequencing CenterU54HG003273 · NHGRI · BAYLOR COLLEGE OF MEDICINE · PI GIBBS, RICHARD A · 2004 to 2015
$341.3M
UCSC Center for Genomic Science, and Minority Outreach ProgramP41HG002371 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SANTA CRUZ · PI HAUSSLER, DAVID H · 2001 to 2011
$34.8M
Multi-Species Comparative Sequencing of Targeted GenomicZ01HG000196 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GREEN, ERIC · 2001 to 2008
$19.1M
Structural Annotation of the Human GenomeR01HG003143 · NHGRI · UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER · PI Job Dekker · 2003 to 2026
$15.4M
The Stanford ENCODE ProjectU01HG003162 · NHGRI · STANFORD UNIVERSITY · PI MYERS, RICHARD M · 2003 to 2006
$11.2M
Identification of Functional DNA Elements by HSqPCRU01HG003161 · NHGRI · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI STAMATOYANNOPOULOS, GEORGE · 2003 to 2006
$9.4M
SOFTWARE FOR ANALYZING BIOSEQUENCE DATAR01HG002238 · NHGRI · PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY-UNIV PARK · PI MILLER, WEBB COLBY · 2000 to 2010
$7.8M
BAC Library Production for Comparative GeneticsU01HG002523 · NHGRI · CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL &RES CTR AT OAKLAND · PI DE JONG, PIETER J. · 2002 to 2008
$7.7M
Structural /Functional Analysis of Mammalian ChromosomesZ01HG000060 · NHGRI · NATIONAL HUMAN GENOME RESEARCH INSTITUTE · PI GREEN, ERIC · 1995 to 2008
$6.8M
Transcription and Regulatory Elements in ENCODE RegionsU01HG003156 · NHGRI · YALE UNIVERSITY · PI SNYDER, MICHAEL P · 2003 to 2006
$6.5M
NCI NIH HHS F32 CA108313NHGRI NIH HHS K22 HG003169NHGRI NIH HHS P41 HG002371NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG002238NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003110NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003129NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003143NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003521NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003532NHGRI NIH HHS R01 HG003541NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG002523NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003147NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003150NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003151NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003156NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003157NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003161NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003162NHGRI NIH HHS U01 HG003168NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003067NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003079NHGRI NIH HHS U54 HG003273Wellcome Trust 062023Wellcome Trust 077198
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

We report the generation and analysis of functional data from multiple, diverse experiments performed on a targeted 1% of the human genome as part of the pilot phase of the ENCODE Project. These data have been further integrated and augmented by a number of evolutionary and computational analyses. Together, our results advance the collective knowledge about human genome function in several major areas. First, our studies provide convincing evidence that the genome is pervasively transcribed, such that the majority of its bases can be found in primary transcripts, including non-protein-coding transcripts, and those that extensively overlap one another. Second, systematic examination of transcriptional regulation has yielded new understanding about transcription start sites, including their relationship to specific regulatory sequences and features of chromatin accessibility and histone modification. Third, a more sophisticated view of chromatin structure has emerged, including its inter-relationship with DNA replication and transcriptional regulation. Finally, integration of these new sources of information, in particular with respect to mammalian evolution based on inter- and intra-species sequence comparisons, has yielded new mechanistic and evolutionary insights concerning the functional landscape of the human genome. Together, these studies are defining a path for pursuit of a more comprehensive characterization of human genome function.

Indexed as

GenomicsChromatinChromatin ImmunoprecipitationConserved SequenceDNA ReplicationEvolution, MolecularExonsGenetic VariationGenome, HumanHeterozygoteHistonesHumansPilot ProjectsProtein BindingRegulatory Sequences, Nucleic AcidRNA, MessengerChromatinHistonesRNA, MessengerRNA, UntranslatedTranscription Factors

Identifiers

PMID17571346
PMCPMC2212820

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.