Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17570832›Full record

Trial reportHealth and quality of life outcomes2007

Performance of the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D+C in elderly patients with cognitive impairments.

Claire A G Wolfs, Carmen D Dirksen, Alfons Kessels, Daniëlle C M Willems, Frans R J Verhey, Johan L Severens

Abstract readComparative StudyRandomized Controlled TrialValidation Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Health and quality of life outcomes, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
62citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

62 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  13. Validity of EQ-5D-5L breathing and cognition bolt-ons in non-hospitalized patients after COVID-19.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2026
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  18. Testing the psychometric characteristics of EQ-5D-5L and respiratory bolt-ons using a sample of the Australian population.Quality of life research : an international journal of quality of life aspects of treatment, care and rehabilitation · 2025
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2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Claire A G WolfsDepartment of Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Technology Assessment, Maastricht University Hospital, Maastricht, Netherlands. claire.wolfs@np.unimaas.nl
Carmen D Dirksen
Alfons Kessels
Daniëlle C M Willems
Frans R J Verhey
Johan L Severens

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe EQ-5D is a reliable tool for measuring Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). However, concern has been expressed that it may ignore elements of HRQoL, particularly cognition. In response to this concern, the EQ-5D has been extended with a cognitive dimension (EQ-5D+C). The aim of this study was to compare the performance of the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D+C in elderly patients with cognitive impairments by assessing their construct validity and responsiveness.

methodsData from the MEDICIE study (n = 196) were used, in which all questionnaires were rated by proxies.

resultsRegarding construct validity, we found similar correlations between the EQ-5D and the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and between the EQ-5D+C and the MMSE. Furthermore, both the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D+C were responsive to changes in the MMSE, with the EQ-5D performing slightly better.

conclusionWe conclude that the EQ-5D performs well for evaluating HRQoL in a population with cognitive impairments. Based on the results of this explorative study, it does not seem necessary to adjust the current classification system by adding a cognitive dimension. However, in order to compare both instruments regarding utility values, it is necessary to develop a new scoring algorithm for the EQ-5D+C by conducting a general population study. Considering the explorative nature of this study, it is recommended that more aspects of the validity of both the EQ-5D and the EQ-5D+C are explored in patients with cognitive impairments using a more tailored study design.

Indexed as

Quality of LifeSickness Impact ProfileAgedAged, 80 and overCaregiversCognition DisordersDementiaFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedNetherlandsNeuropsychological TestsProcess Assessment, Health CareProxyPsychometrics

Identifiers

PMID17570832
PMCPMC1904437

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.