ArticleJournal of virology2007
Critical role of the 36-nucleotide insertion in hepatitis B virus genotype G in core protein expression, genome replication, and virion secretion.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights into infectious diseases through ancient pathogen genomics.Nature reviews. Microbiology · 2026Review
- High Frequency of Antiviral Resistance Mutations in HBV Genotypes A2 and H: Multidrug Resistance Strains in Mexico.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2023Article
- Pharmacomodulation of a ligand targeting the HBV capsid hydrophobic pocket.Chemical science · 2022Article
- Hepatitis B Virus Genotype G: The Odd Cousin of the Family.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Specific determination of hepatitis B e antigen by antibodies targeting precore unique epitope facilitates clinical diagnosis and drug evaluation against hepatitis B virus infection.Emerging microbes & infections · 2021Article
- Novel Genetic Rearrangements in Hepatitis B Virus: Complex Structural Variations and Structural Variation Polymorphisms.Viruses · 2021Review
- Article
- Article
- Immunomodulatory Function of HBeAg Related to Short-Sighted Evolution, Transmissibility, and Clinical Manifestation of Hepatitis B Virus.Frontiers in microbiology · 2018Review
- Article
- Two-way molecular ligation for efficient conversion of monomeric hepatitis B virus DNA constructs into tandem dimers.Journal of virological methods · 2016Article
- Widespread hepatitis B virus genotype G (HBV-G) infection during the early years of the HIV epidemic in the Netherlands among men who have sex with men.BMC infectious diseases · 2016Article
- Overview of hepatitis B viral replication and genetic variability.Journal of hepatology · 2016Review
- Genotypes and viral variants in chronic hepatitis B: A review of epidemiology and clinical relevance.World journal of hepatology · 2015Review
- A novel complex A/C/G intergenotypic recombinant of hepatitis B virus isolated in southern China.PloS one · 2014Article
- High prevalence of hepatitis B virus dual infection with genotypes A and G in HIV-1 infected men in Amsterdam, the Netherlands, during 2000-2011.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- HBV endemicity in Mexico is associated with HBV genotypes H and G.World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Review
- Naturally occurring core immune-escape and carboxy-terminal mutations\truncations in patients with e antigen negative chronic hepatitis B.Hepatology international · 2012Article
- Characterization of the pleiotropic effects of the genotype G-specific 36-nucleotide insertion in the context of other hepatitis B virus genotypes.Journal of virology · 2011Article
- Hepatitis B virus (HBV) X gene diversity and evidence of recombination in HBV/HIV co-infected persons.Journal of medical virology · 2011Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Frequent coinfection of hepatitis B virus genotype G with genotype A suggests that genotype G may require genotype A for replication or transmission. In this regard, genotype G is unique in having a 12-amino-acid extension in the core protein due to a 36-nucleotide insertion near the core gene translation initiation codon. The insertion alters base pairing in the lower stem of the pregenome encapsidation signal, which harbors the core gene initiator, and thus has the potential to affect both core protein translation and pregenomic RNA encapsidation. Genotype G is also unusual for possessing two nonsense mutations in the precore region, which together with the core gene encode a secreted nonstructural protein called hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg). We found that genotype G clones were indeed incapable of HBeAg expression but were competent in RNA transcription, genome replication, and virion secretion. Interestingly, the 36-nucleotide insertion markedly increased the level of core protein, which was achieved at the level of protein translation but did not involve alteration in the mRNA level. Consequently, the variant core protein was readily detectable in patient blood. The 12-amino-acid insertion also enhanced the genome maturity of secreted virus particles, possibly through less efficient envelopment of core particles. Cotransfection of genotypes G and A did not lead to mutual interference of genome replication or virion secretion. Considering that HBeAg is an immunotolerogen required for the establishment of persistent infection, its lack of expression rather than a replication defect could be the primary determinant for the rare occurrence of genotype G monoinfection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.