ArticleGut2007
Genetically modified enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli vaccines induce mucosal immune responses without inflammation.
Article in Gut, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vaccines for preventing enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) diarrhoea.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2013Pooled it
- Trial
- A combination vaccine consisting of three live attenuated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains expressing a range of colonization factors and heat-labile toxin subunit B is well tolerated and immunogenic in a placebo-controlled double-blind phase I trial in healthy adults.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Trial
- A 25-year landscape of Escherichia coli vaccine development: systematic review of human clinical studies.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Systemic and mucosal immunity to enterotoxigenicFrontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Vaccination therapy for inflammatory bowel disease.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2023Review
- Article
- Gut immunoglobulin alpha anti-glycan binding profiles as a research tool for local disease detection.Glycoconjugate journal · 2018Article
- Anti-microbial peptide gene expression during oral vaccination: analysis of a randomized controlled trial.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2016Article
- Rectal effluent as a research tool.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2015Review
- [Acute diarrheal disease caused by enteropathogenic Escherichia coli in Colombia].Revista chilena de infectologia : organo oficial de la Sociedad Chilena de Infectologia · 2014Review
- Adjuvant potential of low dose all-trans retinoic acid during oral typhoid vaccination in Zambian men.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2014Article
- Vaccines against human diarrheal pathogens: current status and perspectives.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Review
- Recent advances in understanding enteric pathogenic Escherichia coli.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
- Safety of live, attenuated oral vaccines in HIV-infected Zambian adults: oral vaccines in HIV.Vaccine · 2012Article
- Impact of homologous and non-homologous recombination in the genomic evolution of Escherichia coli.BMC genomics · 2012Article
- Generation and characterization of a live attenuated enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli combination vaccine expressing six colonization factors and heat-labile toxin subunit B.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2011Article
- Enteric infections, diarrhea, and their impact on function and development.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2008Review
- Bacterial membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.Gut microbesReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveEnterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a major cause of acute diarrhoea in children in the developing world, in travellers and in the military. Safe, effective vaccines could reduce morbidity and mortality. As immunity to ETEC is strain specific, the ability to create vaccines in vitro which express multiple antigens would be desirable. It was hypothesised that three genetically attenuated ETEC strains, one with a genetic addition, would be immunogenic and safe, and they were evaluated in the first licensed UK release of genetically modified oral vaccines.
methodsPhase 1 studies of safety and immunogenicity were carried out at a Teaching Hospital in London. Varying oral doses of any of three oral vaccines, or placebo, were administered to volunteers of both sexes (n = 98). Peripheral blood responses were measured as serum antibodies (IgG or IgA) by ELISA, antibody-secreting cell (ASC) responses by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT), and antibody in lymphocyte supernatant (ALS) by ELISA. Mucosal antibody secretion was measured by ELISA for specific IgG and IgA in whole gut lavage fluids (WGLFs).
resultsSignificant mucosal IgA responses were obtained to colonisation factors CFA/I, CS1, CS2 and CS3, both when naturally expressed and when genetically inserted. Dose-response relationships were most clearly evident in the mucosal IgA in WGLF. Vaccines were well tolerated and did not elicit interleukin (IL) 8 or IL6 secretion in WGLF.
conclusionsGenetically modified ETEC vaccines are safe and induce significant mucosal IgA responses to important colonisation factors. Mucosal IgA responses were clearly seen in WGLF, which is useful for evaluating oral vaccines.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.