ArticleClinical and experimental immunology2007
Linkage between Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 promotor and intron polymorphisms: functional effects and relevance to sarcoidosis.
Article in Clinical and experimental immunology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
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Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 85 citations in OpenAlex.
- Immune mechanisms of granuloma formation in sarcoidosis and tuberculosis.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Lung fibrosis in sarcoidosis. Is there a place for antifibrotics?Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Immune mechanisms in fibrotic pulmonary sarcoidosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2022Review
- Innate and Adaptive Immunity in Noninfectious Granulomatous Lung Disease.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2022Review
- Toll-like receptors 2 expression in mediastinal lymph node of patients with sarcoidosis.Annals of translational medicine · 2020Article
- Immune Dysfunction and Albumin-Related Immunity in Liver Cirrhosis.Mediators of inflammation · 2019Review
- Toll-like receptor 6 expression, sequence variants, and their association with colorectal cancer risk.Journal of Cancer · 2019Article
- Maternal exposure to farming environment protects offspring against allergic diseases by modulating the neonatal TLR-Tregs-Th axis.Clinical and translational allergy · 2018Article
- Functional Toll-Like Receptor (TLR)2 polymorphisms in the susceptibility to inflammatory bowel disease.PloS one · 2017Article
- Etiologies of Sarcoidosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2015Review
- Multiple Infectious Complications in a Severely Injured Patient with Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Important Innate Immune Response Genes.The open orthopaedics journal · 2015Article
- Sarcoidosis vs. Sarcoid-like reactions: The Two Sides of the same Coin?Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946) · 2014Review
- Immune dysfunction in cirrhosis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
- Interleukin-12 family cytokines and sarcoidosis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2014Review
- Granuloma formation in pulmonary sarcoidosis.Frontiers in immunology · 2013Review
- Disordered Toll-like receptor 2 responses in the pathogenesis of pulmonary sarcoidosis.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2013Article
- Polymorphisms and haplotypes in MyD88 are associated with the development of sarcoidosis: a candidate-gene association study.Molecular biology reports · 2013Article
- Controversial role of toll-like receptors in acute pancreatitis.World journal of gastroenterology · 2013Review
- Sarcoidosis--scientific progress and clinical challenges.Nature reviews. Rheumatology · 2011Review
- Microsatellite GT polymorphism in intron 2 of human Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 gene and susceptibility to periodontitis.Clinical oral investigations · 2011Article
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Authors and funding
11 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The intracellular pathogens Propionibacterium acnes and Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been leading suspects as the cause of sarcoidosis, a systemic disorder characterized by the formation of non-caseating granulomas. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 is important in the innate immune response against both pathogens, and is therefore of interest in sarcoidosis research. In the present study, three single nucleotide polymorphisms and one dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in the TLR-2 gene were genotyped in 419 sarcoidosis patients, divided into a study cohort and a validation cohort, and 196 healthy controls. In the study cohort we found a significant increase in prevalence of the AA-genotype at promotor location -16934 in patients with chronic disease compared to patients with acute/self-remitting sarcoidosis (34.5% versus 15.9%, respectively, P = 0.006, P(c) = 0.019). These results could not be confirmed in our validation cohort, implicating a possible role for TLR-2 genetics in only a small percentage of sarcoidosis patients. Furthermore, linkage was found between the promotor polymorphism -16934 A/T and the number of GT repeats in intron 1 (P < 0.0001). After in vitro stimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PMBCs) with different TLR-2 agonists, a correlation between induction of TNF-alpha (P = 0.008), interleukin (IL)-12 (P = 0.008) as well as IL-6 (P = 0.02), and the number of GT repeats was observed. In conclusion, the data show that polymorphisms in TLR-2 might be important in a small group of sarcoidosis patients and that their functional consequences explain partly some of the variance in cytokine pattern observed in different clinical phenotypes of this disease.
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