ArticlePLoS pathogens2007
A molecular link between malaria and Epstein-Barr virus reactivation.
Article in PLoS pathogens, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 80 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
80 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 181 citations in OpenAlex.
- Systematic review and meta-analysis of the sero-epidemiological association between Epstein-Barr virus and systemic lupus erythematosus.Arthritis research & therapy · 2014Pooled it
- Burkitt lymphoma: current understanding, unmet needs, and research directions.Blood advances · 2026Review
- Immunological Determinants of Oncogenic Virus-Driven Cancers in Africa: Mechanisms, Co-Infections and Public Health Challenges.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Review
- Seroprevalence and associated factors of Epstein-Barr virus among blood donors in Sana'a, Yemen.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- KSHV and Human Diseases: Beyond KS, PEL and MCD.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- The microbiome-EBV axis in carcinogenesis bridges commensal influence and viral oncogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A Review of the Biology of Chikungunya Virus Highlighting the Development of Current Novel Therapeutic and Prevention Approaches.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Multicountry surveillance study of acute febrile disease of unknown cause in sub-Saharan Africa.BMJ public health · 2025Article
- Lupus and other autoimmune diseases: Epidemiology in the population of African ancestry and diagnostic and management challenges in Africa.The journal of allergy and clinical immunology. Global · 2024Review
- The Multifaceted Role of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Cancer Prevention, Occurrence, and Treatment.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Aflatoxin B1 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced CCL22 expression stimulates B cell infection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2024Article
- Plasmodium falciparum Malaria Is Associated With Increased Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus (KSHV) Seropositivity and Higher KSHV Antibody Breadth and Magnitude: Results of a Case-Control Study From Rural Uganda.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Awakening the sleeping giant: Epstein-Barr virus reactivation by biological agents.Pathogens and disease · 2024Review
- Genotypes Distribution of Epstein-Barr Virus among Lymphoma Patients in Ethiopia.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- The Impact of Co-Infections for Human Gammaherpesvirus Infection and Associated Pathologies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Hemin treatment drives viral reactivation and plasma cell differentiation of EBV latently infected B cells.PLoS pathogens · 2023Article
- Epstein‑Barr virus as a promoter of tumorigenesis in the tumor microenvironment of breast cancer (Review).International journal of molecular medicine · 2023Review
- Distinctive Kaposi Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus Serological Profile during AcuteInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Profiling genome-wide recombination in Epstein Barr virus reveals type-specific patterns and associations with endemic-Burkitt lymphoma.Virology journal · 2022Article
20 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Although malaria and Epstein-Barr (EBV) infection are recognized cofactors in the genesis of endemic Burkitt lymphoma (BL), their relative contribution is not understood. BL, the most common paediatric cancer in equatorial Africa, is a high-grade B cell lymphoma characterized by c-myc translocation. EBV is a ubiquitous B lymphotropic virus that persists in a latent state after primary infection, and in Africa, most children have sero-converted by 3 y of age. Malaria infection profoundly affects the B cell compartment, inducing polyclonal activation and hyper-gammaglobulinemia. We recently identified the cystein-rich inter-domain region 1alpha (CIDR1alpha) of the Plasmodium falciparum membrane protein 1 as a polyclonal B cell activator that preferentially activates the memory compartment, where EBV is known to persist. Here, we have addressed the mechanisms of interaction between CIDR1alpha and EBV in the context of B cells. We show that CIDR1alpha binds to the EBV-positive B cell line Akata and increases the number of cells switching to the viral lytic cycle as measured by green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression driven by a lytic promoter. The virus production in CIDR1alpha-exposed cultures was directly proportional to the number of GFP-positive Akata cells (lytic EBV) and to the increased expression of the EBV lytic promoter BZLF1. Furthermore, CIDR1alpha stimulated the production of EBV in peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from healthy donors and children with BL. Our results suggest that P. falciparum antigens such as CIDR1alpha can directly induce EBV reactivation during malaria infection that may increase the risk of BL development for children living in malaria-endemic areas. To our knowledge, this is the first report to show that a microbial protein can drive a latently infected B cell into EBV replication.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.