ArticleJournal of virology2007
Recombination confounds the early evolutionary history of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: subtype G is a circulating recombinant form.
Article in Journal of virology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 45 papers.
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Who cites it
45 citing papers in PubMed.
- Pervasive HIV recombination limits the utility of circulating recombinant form nomenclature.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Genetic Diversity and Antiretroviral Resistance in HIV-1-Infected Patients Newly Diagnosed in Cabo Verde.Viruses · 2024Article
- Revisiting the recombinant history of HIV-1 group M with dynamic network community detection.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2022Article
- Validation of Variant Assembly Using HAPHPIPE with Next-Generation Sequence Data from Viruses.Viruses · 2020Article
- Distinct rates and patterns of spread of the major HIV-1 subtypes in Central and East Africa.PLoS pathogens · 2019Article
- Divergence dating using mixed effects clock modelling: An application to HIV-1.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- SNAPPy: A snakemake pipeline for scalable HIV-1 subtyping by phylogenetic pairing.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- Evidence for a recombinant origin of HIV-1 Group M from genomic variation.Virus evolution · 2019Article
- HIV-1 sequences in the epidemic suggest an alternative pathway for the generation of the Long Terminal Repeats.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- The substitution rate of HIV-1 subtypes: a genomic approach.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- Divergent HIV-1 strains (CRF92_C2U and CRF93_cpx) co-circulating in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: Phylogenetic insights on the early evolutionary history of subtype C.Virus evolution · 2017Article
- Primate immunodeficiency virus classification and nomenclature: Review.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2016Review
- High Degree of HIV-1 Group M (HIV-1M) Genetic Diversity within Circulating Recombinant Forms: Insight into the Early Events of HIV-1M Evolution.Journal of virology · 2015Article
- Full-length RNA structure prediction of the HIV-1 genome reveals a conserved core domain.Nucleic acids research · 2015Article
- Near full-length HIV type 1M genomic sequences from Cameroon : Evidence of early diverging under-sampled lineages in the country.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2015Article
- Transmission Networks of HIV-1 Among Men Who Have Sex With Men in East and Southeast Asia.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2015Article
- Article
- Phylogenetic analysis of HIV type 1 CRF02_AG in multiple genes in Italian and African patients living in Italy.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2014Article
- A model-based information sharing protocol for profile Hidden Markov Models used for HIV-1 recombination detection.BMC bioinformatics · 2014Article
- A newly emerging HIV-1 recombinant lineage (CRF58_01B) disseminating among people who inject drugs in Malaysia.PloS one · 2014Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is classified in nine subtypes (A to D, F, G, H, J, and K), a number of subsubtypes, and several circulating recombinant forms (CRFs). Due to the high level of genetic diversity within HIV-1 and to its worldwide distribution, this classification system is widely used in fields as diverse as vaccine development, evolution, epidemiology, viral fitness, and drug resistance. Here, we demonstrate how the high recombination rates of HIV-1 may confound the study of its evolutionary history and classification. Our data show that subtype G, currently classified as a pure subtype, has in fact a recombinant history, having evolved following recombination between subtypes A and J and a putative subtype G parent. In addition, we find no evidence for recombination within one of the lineages currently classified as a CRF, CRF02_AG. Our analysis indicates that CRF02_AG was the parent of the recombinant subtype G, rather than the two having the opposite evolutionary relationship, as is currently proposed. Our results imply that the current classification of HIV-1 subtypes and CRFs is an artifact of sampling history, rather than reflecting the evolutionary history of the virus. We suggest a reanalysis of all pure subtypes and CRFs in order to better understand how high rates of recombination have influenced HIV-1 evolutionary history.
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