ArticleBulletin of the World Health Organization2007
Trichomoniasis and bacterial vaginosis in pregnancy: inadequately managed with the syndromic approach.
Article in Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 44 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
44 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Pooled it
- Trial
- Diagnostic accuracy of an enzyme-based point-of-care test versus Nugent score for bacterial vaginosis among pregnant women attending routine antenatal care in Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Fluconazole-resistant vulvovaginal candidiasis in reproductive-age women: a study from Himalayan country.BMC microbiology · 2025Article
- Diagnostic accuracy of an antigen-based point-of-care test versus nucleic acid amplification testing for genital trichomoniasis among pregnant women attending antenatal care facilities in Zambia.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Prevalence and Factors Related to Trichomoniasis, Candidal Vaginitis, and Bacterial Vaginosis in Northeast Iran.International journal of microbiology · 2025Article
- Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and its associated risk factors among women of reproductive age attending Jos University Teaching Hospital, Plateau State, Nigeria.GMS hygiene and infection control · 2025Article
- Article
- Evaluation and optimization of the syndromic management of female genital tract infections in Nairobi, Kenya.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Characters of Bacterial Vaginosis and Association with Dyspareunia and Dysuria in Pregnant Women in Saudi Arabia.International journal of women's health · 2023Article
- Evaluating the diagnosis and treatment of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in pregnant women to prevent adverse neonatal consequences in Gaborone, Botswana: protocol for the Maduo study.BMC infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Bridging the Gap Between Pilot and Scale-Up: A Model of Antenatal Testing for Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections From Botswana.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2022Article
- Bacterial Vaginosis and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Harar City, Eastern Ethiopia.Infection and drug resistance · 2022Article
- Investigating the efficacy and safety of metronidazole during pregnancy; A systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of obstetrics & gynecology and reproductive biology: X · 2021Review
- Bacterial vaginosis, the leading cause of genital discharge among women presenting with vaginal infection in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.African health sciences · 2021Article
- Observational
- Predictors of Bacterial Vaginosis among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Clinic at Tertiary Care Hospital in Tanzania: A Cross Sectional Study.The East African health research journal · 2021Article
- Prenatal chlamydial, gonococcal, and trichomonal screening in the Democratic Republic of Congo for case detection and management.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2020Article
- Sexually Transmitted Infections in Pregnancy and Reproductive Health: Proceedings of the STAR Sexually Transmitted Infection Clinical Trial Group Programmatic Meeting.Sexually transmitted diseases · 2020Article
- Menstrual cups and cash transfer to reduce sexual and reproductive harm and school dropout in adolescent schoolgirls: study protocol of a cluster-randomised controlled trial in western Kenya.BMC public health · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectiveTo measure the prevalence of Trichomonas vaginalis (TV) infection and bacterial vaginosis (BV) among pregnant women in Botswana, and to evaluate the syndromic approach and alternative management strategies for these conditions in pregnancy.
methodsIn a cross-sectional study, 703 antenatal care attendees were interviewed and examined, and specimens were collected to identify TV, BV, Candida species, Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Information on reproductive tract infections earlier in pregnancy was obtained from a structured interview and the antenatal record.
findingsTV was found in 19% and BV in 38% of the attendees. Three-fourths of women with TV or BV were asymptomatic. Syndromic management according to the vaginal discharge algorithm would lead to substantial under-diagnosis and over-treatment of TV and BV. Signs of vaginal discharge were more predictive of the presence of these conditions than were symptoms. Among the 546 attendees on a repeat antenatal visit, 142 (26%) had been diagnosed with vaginal discharge earlier in their pregnancy--14 of them twice. In 143 cases, an attendee was diagnosed with vaginal discharge in the second or third trimester; however, metronidazole had been prescribed only 17 times (12%).
conclusionDiagnosis and treatment of TV and BV among pregnant women in sub-Saharan Africa presents major challenges. Half the pregnant women in this study were diagnosed with TV or BV, but these conditions were not detected and treated during antenatal care with syndromic management. Also, health workers did not adhere to treatment guidelines. These results indicate that management guidelines for TV and BV in antenatal care should be revised.
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