ArticlePlant physiology2007
Localization of members of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase family identifies sites of glutathione and glutathione S-conjugate hydrolysis.
Article in Plant physiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers.
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Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 101 citations in OpenAlex.
- Multi-Scale Mechanisms of Zn-Se Antagonism in Wheat After Spray: From Subcellular Sequestration to Transcriptional Regulation.Plant, cell & environment · 2026Article
- Not to be overlooked: dipeptides and their role in plant stress resilience.Journal of experimental botany · 2025Review
- Genes encoding γ‑glutamyl‑transpeptidases in the allicin biosynthetic pathway in garlic (Biomedical reports · 2024Article
- Response and Tolerance ofPlants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Glutathione Contribution in Interactions betweenInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Characterization of γ-glutamyltransferase- and phytochelatin synthase-mediated catabolism of glutathione and glutathionePlant biotechnology (Tokyo, Japan) · 2022Article
- Glutathione degradation activity of γ-glutamyl peptidase 1 manifests its dual roles in primary and secondary sulfur metabolism in Arabidopsis.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2022Article
- Transcript profiling of glutathione metabolizing genes reveals abiotic stress and glutathione-specific alteration inPhysiology and molecular biology of plants : an international journal of functional plant biology · 2022Article
- Metabolic Pathways for S-Metolachlor Detoxification Differ Between Tolerant Corn and Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp.Plant & cell physiology · 2021Article
- Resistance to a nonselective 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase-inhibiting herbicide via novel reduction-dehydration-glutathione conjugation in Amaranthus tuberculatus.The New phytologist · 2021Article
- Plant protease as regulator and signaling molecule for enhancing environmental stress-tolerance.Plant cell reports · 2021Review
- Glutathione Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification.Metabolites · 2021Review
- Fruit ripening-associated leucylaminopeptidase with cysteinylglycine dipeptidase activity from durian suggests its involvement in glutathione recycling.BMC plant biology · 2021Article
- The regulation of ethylene biosynthesis: a complex multilevel control circuitry.The New phytologist · 2021Review
- Autocatalytic Processing and Substrate Specificity of Arabidopsis Chloroplast Glutamyl Peptidase.Plant physiology · 2020Article
- Identifying the Pressure Points of Acute Cadmium Stress Prior to Acclimation inInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Structural and Functional Analyses of Human ChaC2 in Glutathione Metabolism.Biomolecules · 2019Article
- Article
- Functional Characterization of the Grapevine γ-Glutamyl Transferase/Transpeptidase (E.C. 2.3.2.2) Gene Family Reveals a Single Functional Gene Whose Encoded Protein Product Is Not Located in Either the Vacuole or Apoplast.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Article
- 1-Aminocyclopropane 1-Carboxylic Acid and Its Emerging Role as an Ethylene-Independent Growth Regulator.Frontiers in plant science · 2019Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
gamma-Glutamyl transpeptidases (GGTs) are essential for hydrolysis of the tripeptide glutathione (gamma-glutamate-cysteine-glycine) and glutathione S-conjugates since they are the only enzymes known to cleave the amide bond linking the gamma-carboxylate of glutamate to cysteine. In Arabidopsis thaliana, four GGT genes have been identified based on homology with animal GGTs. They are designated GGT1 (At4g39640), GGT2 (At4g39650), GGT3 (At1g69820), and GGT4 (At4g29210). By analyzing the expression of each GGT in plants containing GGT:beta-glucuronidase fusions, the temporal and spatial pattern of degradation of glutathione and its metabolites was established, revealing appreciable overlap among GGTs. GGT2 exhibited narrow temporal and spatial expression primarily in immature trichomes, developing seeds, and pollen. GGT1 and GGT3 were coexpressed in most organs/tissues. Their expression was highest at sites of rapid growth including the rosette apex, floral stem apex, and seeds and might pinpoint locations where glutathione is delivered to sink tissues to supplement high demand for cysteine. In mature tissues, they were expressed only in vascular tissue. Knockout mutants of GGT2 and GGT4 showed no phenotype. The rosettes of GGT1 knockouts showed premature senescence after flowering. Knockouts of GGT3 showed reduced number of siliques and reduced seed yield. Knockouts were used to localize and assign catalytic activity to each GGT. In the standard GGT assay with gamma-glutamyl p-nitroanilide as substrate, GGT1 accounted for 80% to 99% of the activity in all tissues except seeds where GGT2 was 50% of the activity. Protoplasting experiments indicated that both GGT1 and GGT2 are localized extracellularly but have different physical or chemical associations.
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