ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2007
Neighborhood income and income distribution and the use of cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 198 citations in OpenAlex.
- A systematic review of the association between alcohol-related deaths and area-level socioeconomic deprivation and other geographic characteristics in high-income countries.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- Social and economic determinants of drug overdose deaths: a systematic review of spatial relationships.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2024Pooled it
- Employment Status and Alcohol-Attributable Mortality Risk-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Pooled it
- Relationship between alcohol-attributable disease and socioeconomic status, and the role of alcohol consumption in this relationship: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2015Pooled it
- Areas of disadvantage: a systematic review of effects of area-level socioeconomic status on substance use outcomes.Drug and alcohol review · 2011Pooled it
- Housing mobility protects against alcohol use for children with socioemotional health vulnerabilities: An experimental design.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Neighborhood-Level Drinking Norms and Alcohol Intervention Outcomes in HIV Patients Who Are Heavy Drinkers.Alcoholism, clinical and experimental research · 2016Trial
- Individual and Community Social Determinants of Health and Recovery from Alcohol Use Disorder Three Years following Treatment.Journal of psychoactive drugsTrial
- Prospective and cross-sectional associations of neighborhood socioeconomic disadvantage with drinking and heavy drinking in mid-adulthood in a US national cohort.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Social Determinants of Substance Use in Black Adults with Criminal Justice Contact: Do Sex, Stressors, and Sleep Matter?International journal of environmental research and public health · 2025Article
- Associations of socioeconomic status and health lifestyles with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: two nationwide population-based studies.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Community characteristics and substance-free activity and service access predict membership in alcohol use disorder risk profiles.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2025Article
- Whole Person Recovery from Substance Use Disorder: A Call for Research Examining a Dynamic Behavioral Ecological Model of Contexts Supportive of Recovery.Addiction research & theory · 2025Article
- Housing Eviction and Alcohol-Related Harms: A Review of the Literature.Substance use & misuse · 2025Review
- Understanding predictors of mental health and substance use treatment utilization among US adults: A repeated cross-sectional study.Global epidemiology · 2023Article
- Prediction of Adverse Events Risk in Patients with Comorbid Post- Traumatic Stress Disorder and Alcohol Use Disorder Using Electronic Medical Records by Deep Learning Models.Research square · 2023Article
- Worsening of alcohol abuse disorder in a Spanish population during the first twelve months of the COVID-19 pandemic and associated factors: retrospective, ecological and community study.BMC psychiatry · 2023Observational
- County-Level Income Inequality, Social Mobility, and Deaths of Despair in the US, 2000-2019.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Evidence about the relationship between contextual variables and substance use is conflicting. Relationships between neighborhood income and income distribution and the prevalence and frequency of substance use in 59 New York City (NYC) neighborhoods were assessed while accounting for individual income and other socio-demographic variables. Measures of current substance use (in the 30 days prior to the survey) were obtained from a random-digit-dial phone survey of adult residents of NYC and data from the 2000 U.S. Census to calculate median neighborhood income and income distribution (assessed using the Gini coefficient). Among 1355 respondents analyzed (female=56.2%, mean age=40.4), 23.9% reported cigarette, 40.0% alcohol, and 5.4% marijuana use in the previous 30 days. In ecologic assessment, neighborhoods with both the highest income and the highest income maldistribution had the highest prevalence of drinking alcohol (69.0%) and of smoking marijuana (10.5%) but not of cigarette use; there was no clear ecologic association between neighborhood income, income distribution, and cigarette use. In multilevel multivariable models adjusting for individual income, age, race, sex, and education, high neighborhood median income and maldistributed neighborhood income were both significantly associated with a greater likelihood of alcohol and marijuana use but not of cigarette use. Both high neighborhood income and maldistributed income also were associated with greater frequency of alcohol use among current alcohol drinkers. These observations suggest that neighborhood income and income distribution may play more important roles in determining population use of alcohol and marijuana than individual income, and that determinants of substance use may vary by potential for drug dependence. Further research should investigate specific pathways that may explain the relationship between neighborhood characteristics and use of different substances.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.