ArticleBMC infectious diseases2007
Antimicrobial resistance predicts death in Tanzanian children with bloodstream infections: a prospective cohort study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 105 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Pharmacokinetics of Antimicrobials and Carriage of Antimicrobial Resistance Amongst Hospitalised Children With Severe Acute Malnutrition
Randomized Clinical Trial to Assess Whether the Duration of Cotrimoxazole Preventive Therapy in HIV Patients With CD4 Counts >350 CD4 Cells/µL by Antiretroviral Treatment Influences the Rate of Carriage of Multidrug-resistant Bacteria
First Line Antimicrobials in Children With Complicated Severe Acute Malnutrition
Who cites it
105 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 215 citations in OpenAlex.
- Complications and mortality of non-typhoidal salmonella invasive disease: a global systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Prevalence and outcome of bloodstream infections due to third-generation cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacteriaceae in sub-Saharan Africa: a systematic review.The Journal of antimicrobial chemotherapy · 2020Pooled it
- A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Prevalence of Community-Onset Bloodstream Infections among Hospitalized Patients in Africa and Asia.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2019Pooled it
- Using hospital-based studies of community-onset bloodstream infections to make inferences about typhoid fever incidence.Tropical medicine & international health : TM & IH · 2019Pooled it
- Antimicrobial resistance among children in sub-Saharan Africa.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2018Pooled it
- A Systematic Review of the Incidence, Risk Factors and Case Fatality Rates of Invasive Nontyphoidal Salmonella (iNTS) Disease in Africa (1966 to 2014).PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2017Pooled it
- Invasive bacterial co-infection in African children with Plasmodium falciparum malaria: a systematic review.BMC medicine · 2014Pooled it
- Do children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition need antibiotics? A systematic review and meta-analysis.PloS one · 2013Pooled it
- Community-acquired bloodstream infections in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2010Pooled it
- Navigating the trials of a trial: lessons from ProRIDE on recruitment, retention, and follow-up in rural Africa.Trials · 2026Trial
- High Prevalence of Fecal Carriage of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae Among Newly HIV-Diagnosed Adults in a Community Setting in Tanzania.Microbial drug resistance (Larchmont, N.Y.) · 2020Trial
- Trial
- Trial
- Pediatric empiric antibiotic use and resistance patterns at a single tertiary care hospital in Tanzania.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- Evolutionary inference reveals global natural histories and predicted pathways of antimicrobial resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.PLoS biology · 2026Article
- Metabolic reprogramming of the infant gut by bifidobacteria-based probiotics drives exclusion of antibiotic-resistant pathobionts.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance in paediatric bloodstream infections in Tanzania: a longitudinal comparison of two cohort studies.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing Gram-negative bacteria are associated with high mortality in children with bloodstream infections in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Theoretical impact of a bedside decision-making tool on antibiotic use for suspected neonatal healthcare-associated infection: an observational study.BMC pediatrics · 2025Observational
- High Child Mortality and Interventions Coverage in the City of Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: Are the Poorest Paying an Urban Penalty?Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2024Article
45 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundBloodstream infection is a common cause of hospitalization, morbidity and death in children. The impact of antimicrobial resistance and HIV infection on outcome is not firmly established.
methodsWe assessed the incidence of bloodstream infection and risk factors for fatal outcome in a prospective cohort study of 1828 consecutive admissions of children aged zero to seven years with signs of systemic infection. Blood was obtained for culture, malaria microscopy, HIV antibody test and, when necessary, HIV PCR. We recorded data on clinical features, underlying diseases, antimicrobial drug use and patients' outcome.
resultsThe incidence of laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection was 13.9% (255/1828) of admissions, despite two thirds of the study population having received antimicrobial therapy prior to blood culture. The most frequent isolates were klebsiella, salmonellae, Escherichia coli, enterococci and Staphylococcus aureus. Furthermore, 21.6% had malaria and 16.8% HIV infection. One third (34.9%) of the children with laboratory-confirmed bloodstream infection died. The mortality rate from Gram-negative bloodstream infection (43.5%) was more than double that of malaria (20.2%) and Gram-positive bloodstream infection (16.7%). Significant risk factors for death by logistic regression modeling were inappropriate treatment due to antimicrobial resistance, HIV infection, other underlying infectious diseases, malnutrition and bloodstream infection caused by Enterobacteriaceae, other Gram-negatives and candida.
conclusionBloodstream infection was less common than malaria, but caused more deaths. The frequent use of antimicrobials prior to blood culture may have hampered the detection of organisms susceptible to commonly used antimicrobials, including pneumococci, and thus the study probably underestimates the incidence of bloodstream infection. The finding that antimicrobial resistance, HIV-infection and malnutrition predict fatal outcome calls for renewed efforts to curb the further emergence of resistance, improve HIV care and nutrition for children.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.