ArticlePediatric research2007
Polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation alters proinflammatory gene expression and reduces the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in a neonatal rat model.
Article in Pediatric research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 119 citations in OpenAlex.
- Enteral Feeding Interventions in the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis: A Systematic Review of Experimental and Clinical Studies.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Regulation of Intestinal Inflammation by Dietary Fats.Frontiers in immunology · 2020Pooled it
- Efficacy of Docosahexaenoic Acid for the Prevention of Necrotizing Enterocolitis in Preterm Infants: A Randomized Clinical Trial.Nutrients · 2021Trial
- Trial
- What is the relationship between gestational age and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and arachidonic acid (ARA) levels?Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2015Trial
- Digging deeper into necrotizing enterocolitis: bridging clinical, microbial, and molecular perspectives.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Comparative Analysis of Omega-3, Omega-6, and Endocannabinoid Content of Human, Cattle, Goat, and Formula Milk.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- The fifty billion dollar question: does formula cause necrotizing enterocolitis?Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2025Review
- Fatty acid concentrations in preterm infants fed the exclusive human milk diet: a prospective cohort study.Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association · 2024Article
- Modification of Experimental Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) in Rat Pups by Single Exposure to Hypothermia and Hypoxia and Impact of Mother's Milk on Incidence of Disease.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2024Article
- Cold-Pressed Sacha Inchi Oil: High in Omega-3 and Prevents Fat Accumulation in the Liver.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- Infection, Inflammation, and Immunity in Sepsis.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Dedifferentiated fat cells administration ameliorates abnormal expressions of fatty acids metabolism-related protein expressions and intestinal tissue damage in experimental necrotizing enterocolitis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants-A defect in the brakes? Evidence from clinical and animal studies.Mucosal immunology · 2023Review
- Molecular Mechanisms of Hyperoxia-Induced Neonatal Intestinal Injury.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Neurodevelopmental outcome of infants who develop necrotizing enterocolitis: The gut-brain axis.Seminars in perinatology · 2023Article
- Neonatal intermittent hypoxia, fish oil, and/or antioxidant supplementation on gut microbiota in neonatal rats.Pediatric research · 2022Article
- Bench to bedside - new insights into the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2022Review
- Lipids and Long Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Preterm Infants.Clinics in perinatology · 2022Review
- Role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, citrus pectin, and milk-derived exosomes on intestinal barrier integrity and immunity in animals.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Although supplementation of preterm formula with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) has been shown to reduce the incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in animal models and clinical trials, the mechanisms remain elusive. We hypothesized that the protective effect of PUFA on NEC may be due to the ability of PUFA to suppress Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 and platelet-activating factor receptor (PAFR) gene expression (molecules that are important in the pathogenesis of NEC) in epithelial cells. To investigate the efficacy of different PUFA preparations on NEC in a neonatal rat model, we compared the incidence of NEC among the four PUFA supplemented groups--A: arachidonic acid and docosahexaenoic acid (AA+DHA), B: egg phospholipids (EP), C: DHA, and D: control without PUFA. PUFA supplementation reduced the incidence of NEC and inhibited intestinal PAFR and TLR4 gene expression compared with the controls. To validate the in vivo observations, IEC-6 cells were exposed to PAF after pretreatment with AA or DHA. Both AA and DHA supplementation blocked PAF-induced TLR4 and PAFR mRNA expression in these enterocytes. These results suggest that PUFA modulates gene expression of key factors involved in experimental NEC pathogenesis. These effects might in part explain the protective effect of PUFA on neonatal NEC.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.