Evidence map›Paper›PMID 17513314›Full record

ArticleBMJ (Clinical research ed.)2007

Effect of nationwide injury prevention programme on serious spinal injuries in New Zealand rugby union: ecological study.

Kenneth L Quarrie, Simon M Gianotti, Will G Hopkins, Patria A Hume

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In one paragraph

Article in BMJ (Clinical research ed.), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 34 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
34citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

34 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  12. Early Management of Acute Spinal Cord Injury-Part I: Initial Injury to Surgery.Journal of neuroanaesthesiology and critical care · 2019
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Kenneth L QuarrieResearch & Injury Prevention, New Zealand Rugby Union, PO Box 2172, Wellington, New Zealand. ken.quarrie@nzrugby.co.nz
Simon M Gianotti
Will G Hopkins
Patria A Hume

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveTo investigate the effect of RugbySmart, a nationwide educational injury prevention programme, on the frequency of spinal cord injuries.

designEcological study.

settingNew Zealand rugby union.

participantsPopulation at risk of injury comprised all New Zealand rugby union players.

interventionFrom 2001, all New Zealand rugby coaches and referees have been required to complete RugbySmart, which focuses on educating rugby participants about physical conditioning, injury management, and safe techniques in the contact phases of rugby.

main outcome measuresNumbers of all spinal injuries due to participation in rugby union resulting in permanent disablement in 1976-2005, grouped into five year periods; observed compared with predicted number of spinal injuries in 2001-5.

resultsEight spinal injuries occurred in 2001-5, whereas the predicted number was 18.9 (relative rate=0.46, 95% confidence interval 0.19 to 1.14). Only one spinal injury resulted from scrums over the period; the predicted number was 9.0 (relative rate=0.11, 0.02 to 0.74). Corresponding observed and predicted rates for spinal injuries resulting from other phases of play (tackle, ruck, and maul) were 7 and 9.0 (relative rate=0.83, 0.29 to 2.36).

conclusionsThe introduction of the RugbySmart programme coincided with a reduction in the rate of disabling spinal injuries arising from scrums in rugby union. This study exemplifies the benefit of educational initiatives in injury prevention and the need for comprehensive injury surveillance systems for evaluating injury prevention initiatives in sport.

Indexed as

Allied Health PersonnelFootballHealth EducationHealth PromotionHumansIncidenceNew ZealandPersons with DisabilitiesSpinal Cord Injuries

Identifiers

PMID17513314
PMCPMC1885355

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.