ArticleCancer research2007
Rap1 integrates tissue polarity, lumen formation, and tumorigenic potential in human breast epithelial cells.
Article in Cancer research, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 104 citations in OpenAlex.
- Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identifies modules and functionally enriched pathways in the lactation process.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- H3K4me3 CUT&Tag and Transcriptome Analysis Reveal the Epigenetic Regulatory Landscape in Mammary Gland Tissues of Yili Horses at Different Lactation Stages.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- THEMIS2 contributes to ovarian cancer metastasis via DOCK4-mediated activation of Rap1 signaling.Cellular oncology (Dordrecht, Netherlands) · 2025Article
- Review
- N-terminal domain of CTRP9 promotes cardiac fibroblast activation in myocardial infarction via Rap1/Mek/Erk pathway.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Article
- Revealing genes related teat number traits via genetic variation in Yorkshire pigs based on whole-genome sequencing.BMC genomics · 2024Article
- RAP1-GTPase immunostaining is altered in human precancerous and cancerous cervical lesions.Biomarkers in medicine · 2024Article
- Rap1 in the Context of PCSK9, Atherosclerosis, and Diabetes.Current atherosclerosis reports · 2023Review
- Epigenetic regulation of functional candidate genes for milk production traits in dairy sheep subjected to protein restriction in the prepubertal stage.BMC genomics · 2023Article
- The inhibitory effect and mechanism of Resina Draconis on the proliferation of MCF-7 breast cancer cells: a network pharmacology-based analysis.Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Identifying key genes in milk fat metabolism by weighted gene co-expression network analysis.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Roles of Rufy3 in experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced early brain injury via accelerating neuronal axon repair and synaptic plasticity.Molecular brain · 2022Article
- Ubiquitylation by Rab40b/Cul5 regulates Rap2 localization and activity during cell migration.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
- TGF-β1-induced RAP2 regulates invasion in pancreatic cancer.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2022Article
- Rap2B promotes the proliferation and migration of human glioma cells via activation of the ERK pathway.Oncology letters · 2021Article
- Potential Diagnostic and Prognostic Utility of miR-141, miR-181b1, and miR-23b in Breast Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Article
- Review
- The Mystery of Rap1 Suppression of Oncogenic Ras.Trends in cancer · 2020Review
- Inducible knockout of ∆Np63 alters cell polarity and metabolism during pubertal mammary gland development.FEBS letters · 2020Article
- Rap2c as a Novel Biomarker for Predicting Poor Prognosis in Glioma.OncoTargets and therapy · 2020Article
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Maintenance of apico-basal polarity in normal breast epithelial acini requires a balance between cell proliferation, cell death, and proper cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix signaling. Aberrations in any of these processes can disrupt tissue architecture and initiate tumor formation. Here, we show that the small GTPase Rap1 is a crucial element in organizing acinar structure and inducing lumen formation. Rap1 activity in malignant HMT-3522 T4-2 cells is appreciably higher than in S1 cells, their nonmalignant counterparts. Expression of dominant-negative Rap1 resulted in phenotypic reversion of T4-2 cells, led to the formation of acinar structures with correct polarity, and dramatically reduced tumor incidence despite the persistence of genomic abnormalities and baseline growth. The resulting acini contained prominent central lumina not observed when other reverting agents were used. Conversely, expression of dominant-active Rap1 in T4-2 cells inhibited phenotypic reversion and led to increased invasiveness and tumorigenicity. Thus, Rap1 acts as a central regulator of breast architecture, with normal levels of activation instructing polarity during acinar morphogenesis, and increased activation inducing tumor formation and progression to malignancy.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.