ArticleAntimicrobial agents and chemotherapy2007
Role for cell density in antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans biofilms.
Article in Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 62 papers.
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Who cites it
62 citing papers in PubMed, 168 citations in OpenAlex.
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- In vitro analysis of a novel dimethylaminododecyl methacrylate modification of dental acrylic soft liner material.Scientific reports · 2024Article
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- Synergistic Effect of Plant Compounds in Combination with Conventional Antimicrobials against Biofilm ofPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
- Mycological evaluation of frozen meat with special reference to yeasts.Veterinary world · 2023Article
- Antifungal drug-resistance mechanisms in Candida biofilms.Current opinion in microbiology · 2023Review
- Niclosamide-loaded nanoparticles disrupt Candida biofilms and protect mice from mucosal candidiasis.PLoS biology · 2022Article
- Characterization of theJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Approaches for Mitigating Microbial Biofilm-Related Drug Resistance: A Focus on Micro- and Nanotechnologies.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Candida glabrata Transcription Factor Rpn4 Mediates Fluconazole Resistance through Regulation of Ergosterol Biosynthesis and Plasma Membrane Permeability.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2020Article
- Sheathless Shape-Based Separation ofMicromachines · 2019Article
- Ctt1 catalase activity potentiates antifungal azoles in the emerging opportunistic pathogen Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- Expression of fluconazole resistance-associated genes in biofilm from 23 clinical isolates of Candida albicans.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2019Article
- Comparative Study of the Effects of Fluconazole and Voriconazole on Candida glabrata, Candida parapsilosis and Candida rugosa Biofilms.Mycopathologia · 2018Article
- The impact of farnesol in combination with fluconazole on Candida albicans biofilm: regulation of ERG20, ERG9, and ERG11 genes.Folia microbiologica · 2018Article
- Hexosomes with Undecylenic Acid Efficient against Candida albicans.Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Fungicidal PMMA-Undecylenic Acid Composites.International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Article
- Fungal Biofilms and Polymicrobial Diseases.Journal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2017Review
2 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Biofilms of Candida albicans are less susceptible to many antifungal drugs than are planktonic yeast cells. We investigated the contribution of cell density to biofilm phenotypic resistance. Planktonic yeast cells in RPMI 1640 were susceptible to azole-class drugs, amphotericin B, and caspofungin at 1 x 10(3) cells/ml (standard conditions) using the XTT [2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxanilide sodium salt] assay. As reported by others, as the cell concentration increased to 1 x 10(8) cells/ml, resistance was observed with 10- to 20-fold-greater MICs. Biofilms that formed in microtiter plate wells, like high-density planktonic organisms, were resistant to drugs. When biofilms were resuspended before testing, phenotypic resistance remained, but organisms, when diluted to 1 x 10(3) cells/ml, were susceptible. Drug-containing medium recovered from high-cell-density tests inhibited low-cell-density organisms. A fluconazole-resistant strain showed greater resistance at high planktonic cell density, in biofilm, and in resuspended biofilm than did low-density planktonic or biofilm organisms. A strain lacking drug efflux pumps CDR1, CDR2, and MDR1, while susceptible at a low azole concentration, was resistant at high cell density and in biofilm. A strain lacking CHK1 that fails to respond to the quorum-sensing molecule farnesol had the same response as did the wild type. FK506, reported to abrogate tolerance to azole drugs at low cell density, had no effect on tolerance at high cell density and in biofilm. These observations suggested that cell density has a role in the phenotypic resistance of biofilm, that neither the drug efflux pumps tested nor quorum sensing through Chk1p contributes to resistance, and that azole drug tolerance at high cell density differs mechanistically from tolerance at low cell density.
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Registered trials
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