ArticleJournal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999)2007
Transient viremia, plasma viral load, and reservoir replenishment in HIV-infected patients on antiretroviral therapy.
Article in Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999), 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 53 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
53 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The impacts of COVID-19 pandemic on service delivery and treatment outcomes in people living with HIV: a systematic review.AIDS research and therapy · 2023Pooled it
- Trial
- HIV-1-Specific Antibody Response and Function after DNA Prime and Recombinant Adenovirus 5 Boost HIV Vaccine in HIV-Infected Subjects.PloS one · 2016Trial
- CD8+ T-cell activation in HIV-1-infected patients experiencing transient low-level viremia during antiretroviral therapy.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2013Trial
- Stochastic threshold dynamics of an HIV model with latent cell activation under mean-reverting environmental noise.Infectious Disease Modelling · 2027Article
- Clonal heterogeneity and antigenic stimulation shape persistence of the latent reservoir of HIV.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Modeling the Interplay Between Viral and Immune Dynamics in HIV: A Review and Mrgsolve Implementation and Exploration.Clinical and translational science · 2025Review
- The Interrelationship between HIV Infection and COVID-19: A Review of the Literature.Current HIV research · 2024Review
- Review
- Mathematical modeling indicates that regulatory inhibition of CD8+ T cell cytotoxicity can limit efficacy of IL-15 immunotherapy in cases of high pre-treatment SIV viral load.PLoS computational biology · 2023Article
- Ex Vivo Blockade of the PD-1 Pathway Improves Recall IFNγ Responses of HIV-Infected Persons on Antiretroviral Therapy.Vaccines · 2023Article
- Antioxidant nanozyme counteracts HIV-1 by modulating intracellular redox potential.EMBO molecular medicine · 2021Article
- Modulation of BRD4 in HIV epigenetic regulation: implications for finding an HIV cure.Retrovirology · 2021Review
- The Burden of COVID-19 in People Living with HIV: A Syndemic Perspective.AIDS and behavior · 2020Article
- Epigenetic Suppression of HIV in Myeloid Cells by the BRD4-Selective Small Molecule Modulator ZL0580.Journal of virology · 2020Article
- Sensing of HIV-1 by TLR8 activates human T cells and reverses latency.Nature communications · 2020Article
- Determinants of HIV-1 reservoir size and long-term dynamics during suppressive ART.Nature communications · 2019Article
- HIV Subtype and Nef-Mediated Immune Evasion Function Correlate with Viral Reservoir Size in Early-Treated Individuals.Journal of virology · 2019Article
- Current Strategies for Elimination of HIV-1 Latent Reservoirs Using Chemical Compounds Targeting Host and Viral Factors.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Review
- "We Need to Deploy Them Very Thoughtfully and Carefully": Perceptions of Analytical Treatment Interruptions in HIV Cure Research in the United States-A Qualitative Inquiry.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
When antiretroviral therapy (ART) is administered for long periods to HIV-1-infected patients, most achieve viral loads that are "undetectable" by standard assay methods (ie, HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/mL). Despite sustaining viral loads lower than the level of detection, a number of patients experience unexplained episodes of transient viremia or viral "blips." We propose that transient activation of the immune system by infectious agents may explain these episodes of viremia. Using 2 different mathematical models, one in which blips arise because of target cell activation and subsequent infection and another in which latent cell activation generates blips, we establish a nonlinear (power law) relationship between blip amplitude and viral load (under ART) that suggest blips should be of lower amplitude, and thus harder to detect, as increasingly potent therapy is used. This effect can be more profound than is predicted by simply lowering the baseline viral load from which blips originate. Finally, we suggest that sporadic immune activation may elevate the level of chronically infected cells and replenish viral reservoirs, including the latent cell reservoir, providing a mechanism for recurrent viral blips and low levels of viremia under ART.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.