ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2007
Emerging principles of regulatory evolution.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 268 papers.
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268 citing papers in PubMed.
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- Chromatin Accessibility Reveals Adaptive Regulatory Variation in a Keystone Freshwater Fish.Molecular ecology · 2026Article
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- Human-specific lncRNAs contributed critically to human evolution by distinctly regulating gene expression.eLife · 2026Article
- Caution in Interpreting Regulatory RNA Associations With Eusocial Evolution in Bees.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Review
- Transcriptomic basis underlying the evolution of female horn plasticity in scarab beetles.Frontiers in zoology · 2026Article
- Evolutionary Transitions in Social Behavior are Associated With Convergent and Partially Reversible Expansions of Transcription Factor Binding Sites.Genome biology and evolution · 2026Article
- Evolutionary adaptations to the hormonal regulation of vascular tissue development.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Article
- Transcription Factor Promiscuity Drives Regulatory Rewiring and Evolvability in Gene Networks in Bacteria.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Plant domestication revisited: Genomic insights into origins, mechanisms, and convergent evolution.iScience · 2026Review
- Widespread turnover of a conserved cis-regulatory code across 589 grass species.Molecular biology and evolution · 2026Article
- A cis-regulatory element of the PHYTOCHROME A gene confers the submergence escape capacity for amphibious plants.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Craniofacial-specific transcriptomics uncovers novel genes underlying jaw divergence in dietary specialist pupfishes.Genetics · 2025Article
- Conserved Gene Expression Plasticity in Development Is More Pervasive Than Expression Divergence Between Species of Caenorhabditis Nematodes.Evolution & development · 2025Article
- Article
- Influence ofbioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Redundant and Singular Regulatory Elements Underlie the Rapidly Evolving Pigmentation of Drosophila.Molecular biology and evolution · 2025Article
- Mechanisms driving functional divergence of transcription factor paralogs.The New phytologist · 2025Review
- Combinatorial transcriptional regulation establishes subtype-appropriate synaptic properties in auditory neurons.Cell reports · 2025Article
- Distantly related bacteria share a rigid proteome allocation strategy with flexible enzyme kinetics.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025Article
208 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing the evolution of morphology is a major challenge in biology. Because most animals share a conserved repertoire of body-building and -patterning genes, morphological diversity appears to evolve primarily through changes in the deployment of these genes during development. The complex expression patterns of developmentally regulated genes are typically controlled by numerous independent cis-regulatory elements (CREs). It has been proposed that morphological evolution relies predominantly on changes in the architecture of gene regulatory networks and in particular on functional changes within CREs. Here, we discuss recent experimental studies that support this hypothesis and reveal some unanticipated features of how regulatory evolution occurs. From this growing body of evidence, we identify three key operating principles underlying regulatory evolution, that is, how regulatory evolution: (i) uses available genetic components in the form of preexisting and active transcription factors and CREs to generate novelty; (ii) minimizes the penalty to overall fitness by introducing discrete changes in gene expression; and (iii) allows interactions to arise among any transcription factor and downstream CRE. These principles endow regulatory evolution with a vast creative potential that accounts for both relatively modest morphological differences among closely related species and more profound anatomical divergences among groups at higher taxonomical levels.
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