ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2007
Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli biofilms are inhibited by 7-hydroxyindole and stimulated by isatin.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2007. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers.
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Who cites it
69 citing papers in PubMed, 193 citations in OpenAlex.
- Insights Into the Antibiofilm Activity of Carbon Quantum Dots Against a Panel of Different Microorganisms: A Review.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Dynamics of tryptophan metabolites and microbial adaptations during corn by-product fermentation in the pig gut microbiome.Journal of animal science and biotechnology · 2026Article
- Indole signaling inGut microbes · 2025Review
- Decoding the regulatory networks ofFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Nanostructured N/S doped carbon dots/mesoporous silica nanoparticles and PVA composite hydrogel fabrication for anti-microbial and anti-biofilm application.International journal of pharmaceutics: X · 2023Article
- Conversations in the Gut: The Role of Quorum Sensing in Normobiosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Indole analogues decreasing the virulence of Vibrio campbellii towards brine shrimp larvae.Microbial biotechnology · 2022Article
- Inhibitors of Bacterial Extracellular Vesicles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2022Review
- Dual Role of Indoles Derived From Intestinal Microbiota on Human Health.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Review
- Recent Trends of Microbiota-Based Microbial Metabolites Metabolism in Liver Disease.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Review
- Inhibitory Effects of Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives on Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factors inPharmaceutics · 2021Article
- Diverse roles of microbial indole compounds in eukaryotic systems.Biological reviews of the Cambridge Philosophical Society · 2021Review
- Versatile Fluorescent Carbon Dots from Citric Acid and Cysteine with Antimicrobial, Anti-biofilm, Antioxidant, and AChE Enzyme Inhibition Capabilities.Journal of fluorescence · 2021Article
- Strategies and Approaches for Discovery of Small Molecule Disruptors of Biofilm Physiology.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Microbial Biofilms in the Food Industry-A Comprehensive Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Review
- The Primary Physiological Roles of Autoinducer 2 inMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Cellular Stress Upregulates Indole Signaling Metabolites in Escherichia coli.Cell chemical biology · 2020Article
- Chemical Mechanisms of Colonization Resistance by the Gut Microbial Metabolome.ACS chemical biology · 2020Review
- Biphasic chemotaxis ofProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2020Article
- Combatting Persister Cells With Substituted Indoles.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Review
9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Since indole is present at up to 500 microM in the stationary phase and is an interspecies biofilm signal (J. Lee, A. Jayaraman, and T. K. Wood, BMC Microbiol. 7:42, 2007), we investigated hydroxyindoles as biofilm signals and found them also to be nontoxic interspecies biofilm signals for enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC), E. coli K-12, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The genetic basis of EHEC biofilm formation was also explored, and notably, virulence genes in biofilm cells were repressed compared to those in planktonic cells. In Luria-Bertani medium (LB) on polystyrene with quiescent conditions, 7-hydroxyindole decreased EHEC biofilm formation 27-fold and decreased K-12 biofilm formation 8-fold without affecting the growth of planktonic cells. 5-Hydroxyindole also decreased biofilm formation 11-fold for EHEC and 6-fold for K-12. In contrast, isatin (indole-2,3-dione) increased biofilm formation fourfold for EHEC, while it had no effect for K-12. When continuous-flow chambers were used, confocal microscopy revealed that EHEC biofilm formation was reduced 6-fold by indole and 10-fold by 7-hydroxyindole in LB. Whole-transcriptome analysis revealed that isatin represses indole synthesis by repressing tnaABC 7- to 37-fold in EHEC, and extracellular indole levels were found to be 20-fold lower. Furthermore, isatin repressed the AI-2 transporters lsrABCDFGKR, while significantly inducing the flagellar genes flgABCDEFGHIJK and fliAEFGILMNOPQ (which led to a 50% increase in motility). 7-Hydroxyindole induces the biofilm inhibitor/stress regulator ycfR and represses cysADIJPU/fliC (which led to a 50% reduction in motility) and purBCDEFHKLMNRT. Isogenic mutants showed that 7-hydroxyindole inhibits E. coli biofilm through cysteine metabolism. 7-Hydroxyindole (500 microM) also stimulates P. aeruginosa PAO1 biofilm formation twofold; therefore, hydroxyindoles are interspecies bacterial signals, and 7-hydroxyindole is a potent EHEC biofilm inhibitor.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.